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To characterize the patterns associated with Lorenz plots (LPs) or Poincaré plots derived from the Holter recordings of dogs with various cardiac rhythms.

77 dogs with 24-hour Holter recordings.

A 1-hour period from the Holter recordings from each of 20 dogs without arrhythmias and from each of 57 dogs with arrhythmias (10 each with supraventricular premature complexes, complex supraventricular ectopy, ventricular premature complexes, complex ventricular ectopy, and atrial fibrillation, and 7 with high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block) were used to generate the LPs. Patterns depicted in the LPs were described.

Arrhythmia-free Holter recordings yielded LPs with a Y-shaped pattern and variable silent zones. Recordings with single premature complexes yielded LPs with double side and triple side lobes. Complex ectopy was denoted by dots clustered in the lower left corner of the LPs. The LPs of recordings with atrial fibrillation had fan patterns consistent with a nonlinear relationship between atrial electrical impulses and atrioventricular nodal conduction. The recordings with atrioventricular block yielded LPs with island patterns consistent with variable atrioventricular nodal conduction.

Distinct LP patterns were identified for common cardiac rhythms of dogs, supportive of nonrandom mechanisms as the cause of most rhythms. Visual interpretation of an LP generated from a Holter recording may aid in determining the arrhythmia type and understanding the arrhythmia's mechanism in dogs and other species.
Distinct LP patterns were identified for common cardiac rhythms of dogs, supportive of nonrandom mechanisms as the cause of most rhythms. Visual interpretation of an LP generated from a Holter recording may aid in determining the arrhythmia type and understanding the arrhythmia's mechanism in dogs and other species.
To determine the optimal energy profile for and to assess the feasibility and efficacy of ultrasonographic and laparoscopic guidance for microwave ablation (MWA) of clinically normal canine ovaries.

44 extirpated ovaries from 22 healthy dogs.

In the first of 2 trials, 13 dogs underwent oophorectomy by routine laparotomy. Extirpated ovaries underwent MWA at 45 W for 60 (n = 11) or 90 (12) seconds; 3 ovaries did not undergo MWA and served as histologic controls. Ovaries were histologically evaluated for cell viability. Ovaries without viable cells were categorized as completely ablated. Histologic results were used to identify the optimal MWA protocol for use in the subsequent trial. In the second trial, the ovaries of 9 dogs underwent MWA at 45 W for 90 seconds in situ. Ultrasonographic guidance for MWA was deemed unfeasible after evaluation of 1 ovary. The remaining 17 ovaries underwent MWA with laparoscopic guidance, after which routine laparoscopic oophorectomy was performed. Tyk2-IN-8 Completeness of ablation was histologically assessed for all ovaries.

2 ovaries were excluded from the trial 1 analysis because of equivocal cell viability. Six of 11 ovaries and 10 of 10 ovaries that underwent MWA for 60 and 90 seconds, respectively, were completely ablated. In trial 2, laparoscopic-guided MWA resulted in complete ablation for 12 of 17 ovaries. Dissection of the ovarian bursa for MWA probe placement facilitated complete ablation.

Laparoscopic-guided MWA at 45 W for 90 seconds was feasible, safe, and effective for complete ablation of clinically normal ovaries in dogs.
Laparoscopic-guided MWA at 45 W for 90 seconds was feasible, safe, and effective for complete ablation of clinically normal ovaries in dogs.
To evaluate the effect of suture caliber on the tensile strength of tenorrhaphies performed with a locking-loop technique in cadaveric canine tendons.

60 superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) from 30 cadaveric adult dogs.

Transverse tenotomy was performed, and SDFTs were repaired with a locking-loop technique and polypropylene suture of 5 randomly assigned calibers size-0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0, or 5-0 (n = 12 SDFTs/suture caliber). Tendon constructs were tested to failure. Yield, peak, and failure forces and causes of failure were compared between groups.

Mean ± SD failure force for the constructs was significantly greater with large-caliber suture (size-0 73.5 ± 3.1 N; size 2-0 54.4 ± 7.1 N; size 3-0 28.7 ± 4.9 N; size 4-0 18.7 ± 3.4 N; and size 5-0 8.8 ± 2.8 N). The likelihood of construct failure by suture pullout through the tendon substance increased with large-caliber suture (size-0 12/12), whereas the likelihood of construct failure by suture breakage increased with small-caliber suture (2-0 10/12; 3-0, 4-0, and 5-0 12/12 each).

Large-caliber suture had greater tensile strength for tenorrhaphies performed with a locking-loop technique in cadaveric canine tendons. Prior to the use of large-caliber suture in patients requiring tenorrhaphy, however, in vivo studies are required to confirm the results obtained here.
Large-caliber suture had greater tensile strength for tenorrhaphies performed with a locking-loop technique in cadaveric canine tendons. Prior to the use of large-caliber suture in patients requiring tenorrhaphy, however, in vivo studies are required to confirm the results obtained here.
To evaluate the effect of slice thickness on CT perfusion analysis of the pancreas in healthy dogs.

12 healthy Beagles.

After precontrast CT scans, CT perfusion scans of the pancreatic body were performed every second for 30 seconds by sequential CT scanning after injection of contrast medium (iohexol; 300 mg of 1/kg) at a rate of 3 mL/s. Each dog underwent CT perfusion scans twice in a crossover-design study with 2 different slice thicknesses (2.4 and 4.8 mm). Computed tomographic pancreatic perfusion variables, including blood flow, blood volume determined with the maximum slope model, times to the start of enhancement and peak enhancement, permeability, and blood volume determined by Patlak plot analysis, were measured independently by 2 reviewers. The CT perfusion variables were compared between slice thicknesses. Interoperator reproducibility was determined by ICC calculation.

Interoperator reproducibility of CT perfusion variable measurements was excellent on 2.4-mm (mean ± SD ICC, 0.81 ± 0.17) and 4.
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