Notes

[Effectiveness of the thermal ablation within the treatments for individual papillomavirus an infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Oriental women].
3% of the total study area. These areas in low pollution risk can be considered as safety areas for reclaimed water irrigation. The moderate groundwater pollution risk areas accounting for 46.9% of the total study area were suggested to apply water-saving irrigation measures for preventing groundwater pollution. The reclaimed water irrigation should be prohibited in the high groundwater pollution risk areas, which accounted for 4.8% of the total study area. This study highlights the reasonable strategy for the development of reclaimed water irrigation in water shortage areas and lay a foundation for finding alternative water sources for agricultural irrigation. Psychoactive substances are becoming a new concern in aquatic environment along with the increase in use of these substances. In this study, 23 psychoactive substances were investigated in the tap water collected in 63 sites in China. Eighteen out of 23 psychoactive substances were detected at the range of less then method detection limits (MDLs) to 24.9 ng L-1. It was found that diazepam and temazepam were the major psychoactive substances in the tap water with the median concentration of 1.0 and 0.06 ng L-1, respectively. The high exposure dose for each psychoactive substance was calculated from 0.6 to 855 pg kg-1 bw d-1 and showed an order of men ≥ boys ≥ girls ≥ women. Risk assessment revealed there was little risk of psychoactive substances on human health at current residual levels. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer that is mainly used in the production of polyvinyl alcohol-containing chloride products, has attracted attention due to potential threats to human health and the environment. Nevertheless, knowledge of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity is still limited. To explore the mechanism of DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity, quail were treated with 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg DEHP by oral gavage for 45 days. Based on the results of histopathological analysis, DEHP exposure induced a disorganized renal structure, a partially dilated glomerulus and an atrophied Bowman's space. Renal tubular epithelial cells were unclear, and swelling of columnar epithelial cells was observed, suggesting that DEHP exposure caused renal disease and renal injury. Notably, DEHP interfered with the homeostasis of cytochrome P450 systems (CYP450s) by increasing the activities or contents of CYP450s (total CYP450, Cyt b5, ERND, APND, AH and NCR). The expression levels of certain CYP450 isoforms (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2J and CYP3A) were significantly downregulated in the kidney in DEHP-treated quail. Furthermore, DEHP induced the expression of nuclear receptors (AHR, CAR and PXR) in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study suggested that DEHP-induced nephrotoxicity in quail was associated with the induction of nuclear xenobiotic receptor (NXR) responses and interference with CYP450 homeostasis. In conclusion, all data indicated that DEHP induced nephrotoxicity by triggering NXRs and modulating the cytochrome P450 system. The results of this study provide a new basis for understanding the nephrotoxicity of DEHP. With the development of modern industry, the problem of cadmium (Cd) pollution cannot be ignored and its toxicity has caused great personal injury to humans. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is a research hotspot in recent years, the research we have published shows that 5 μM of Cd-treated NRK-52E cells activated PARP-1, but the specific effects of PARP-1 on DNA damage and cell cycle is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of Cd on DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in NRK-52E cells, in addition, to investigate the role of PARP-1 in mediating this effect. Western blotting, comet assay, QRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect DNA damage and cell cycle-associated protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distribution and the apoptosis rates. Results showed that after the increase in treatment time and Cd concentration, the degree of DNA damage was significantly increased, and a transition from G0/G1 to S phase arrest was observed. In addition, inhibition of PARP-1 expression exacerbated cell damage and cell cycle arrest when DNA damage was low, but attenuated cell damage and even cell cycle arrest when DNA damage was severe. These findings in this study indicate that Cd causes DNA damage in NRK-52E cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at different phases depending on the degree of DNA damage. Moreover, PARP-1 plays an important role in mediating this effect, when DNA damage is low, it functions in DNA repair, however, when DNA damage is severe, it aggravates cell damage and induces cell death. Biochar has a wide range of feedstocks, and different feedstocks often resulted in different properties, such as element distribution and heavy metal immobilization performance. In this work, batch experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of biochar pyrolyzed from kitchen waste (KWB), corn straw (CSB), and peanut hulls (PHB) on immobilization of Cd and Pb in contaminated soil by planting swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) with a combination of toxicological and physiological tests. Navitoclax in vivo The results showed that biochar could all enhance the soil pH, and reduce extractable Pb and Cd in soil by 22.61%-71.01% (KWB), 18.54%-64.35% (CSB), and 3.28%-60.25% (PHB), respectively. The biochar led to a drop in Cd and Pb accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves by 45.43%-97.68%, 59.13%-96.64%, and 63.90%-99.28% at the dosage of 60.00 mg/kg, respectively. The root length and fresh weight of swamp cabbage were promoted, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased after biochar treatment. The distribution of heavy metal fractions before and after biochar treatment indicated that biochar could transform Cd and Pb into a state of lower bioavailability, thus inhibiting Cd and Pb uptake by swamp cabbage. Biochar with different feedstocks could be ranked by the following order according to immobilization performance KWB > CSB > PHB. Groundwater arsenic pollution causes millions of deaths worldwide. Long term natural and anthropogenic activities have increased arsenic levels in groundwater causing higher threats of arsenic exposure. Arsenic hyper-tolerant Firmicute Bacillus firmus L-148 was isolated from arsenic limiting Lonar lake soil, which tolerated more than 3 M arsenic and could oxidize 75 mM arsenite [As(III)] in 14 days. It oxidized As(III) in presence of heavy metals and had unusual pH optima at 9.2. B. firmus L-148 was studied at the biochemical, protein, genomic and transcript level for understanding its arsenic oxidizing machinery. The proteomic and transcript analysis exhibited the presence of ars and aio operon and supported the inducible nature of ars operon. Robust, hyper-tolerant, fast As(III) oxidizing, least nutrient requiring and multi-metal resistance qualities of the strain were used in microcosm studies for bioremediation. Artificial groundwater mimicking microcosm with 75 mM As(III) was developed. Modulation of carbon source, iron and multi metals affected growth and As(III) oxidation rate.
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