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In addition, the method also provides a better insight into the detailed rules of trypsin cleavages coupled with propensity and motif analysis. Moreover, our method can be integrated into database searching in the MS analysis to identify and quantify mass spectra effectively and efficiently.Fluorinated linear organic solvents have great potential in improving the safety and lifetime of next-generation Li metal batteries. However, this group of solvents is underexplored. Here, we investigate the molecular and interfacial reactivity properties of seven partially and fully fluorinated linear carbonates designed based on conventional solvents. Using density functional theory, we find the highest occupied molecular orbital levels decrease with increasing substitution of the fluorinated functional groups, implying that fluorination, to a first approximation, improves the stability toward high voltage cathodes. On the basis of the simulated decomposition mechanisms and statistical analyses, we find that a fluorinated linear carbonate with partial fluorination at the methyl component is more accessible in terms of degradation and LiF nascence formation, leading to a potentially LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The molecular design concepts and the computational techniques presented are transferable to ester and ether systems, facilitating the navigation in a large chemical design space.Harvesting distributed and low-quality mechanical energies by triboelectric nanogenerators to power electrochemical reactions is beneficial to electric energy saving and certain applications. However, the conventional self-powered electrochemical process is awkward about the reaction rate, energy conversion efficiency, high-operation frequency, and mismatched impedance. Here we demonstrate an advanced self-powered electrochemical system. In comparison with the conventional system that is inert in activity, the superior power management and electrochemical reaction regulation in tandem make the novel system outstanding for hydrogen peroxide production. In addition to the visible product, an internal current efficiency of 24.6% in the system was achieved. The developed system provides an optimization strategy toward electric energy saving for electrochemical reactions as well as enabling their applications in remote areas by converting environmental mechanical vibrational energy for ecological improvement or recyclable chemical fuel generation.The purpose of this study was to synthesize a fluorine-18 labeled, highly selective aldosterone synthase (hCYP11B2) inhibitor, [18F]AldoView, and to assess its potential for the detection of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) with positron emission tomography in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). Using dibenzothiophene sulfonium salt chemistry, [18F]AldoView was obtained in high radiochemical yield in one step from [18F]fluoride. In mice, the tracer showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, including rapid distribution and clearance. Imaging in the adrenal tissue from patients with PHA revealed diffuse binding patterns in the adrenal cortex, avid binding in some adenomas, and "hot spots" consistent with aldosterone-producing cell clusters. The binding pattern was in good visual agreement with the antibody staining of hCYP11B2 and distinguished areas with normal and excessive hCYP11B2 expression. Taken together, [18F]AldoView is a promising tracer for the detection of APAs in patients with PHA.Anomalies of water have been explained by the two-state water model. In the model, water becomes one state upon supercooling. However, water crystallizes completely below 235 K ("no man's land"). The structural origin of the anomalous of the water is hidden in the "no man's land". To understand the properties of water, the spectroscopic experiment in "Norman's land" is inevitable. Hence, we proposed a new soft-confinement method for standard nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore the "no man's land". CDK activation We found the singularity temperature (215 K) at ambient pressure. Water exists in one state below 215 K. Above 215 K, the two states of water are supercritical states of the liquid-liquid critical point. The current study provides a perspective to determine the liquid-liquid critical point of water existing in a high-pressure condition.Spatially resolved metabolic profiling of brain is vital for elucidating tissue-specific molecular histology and pathology underlying diabetic encephalopathy (DE). In this study, a spatially resolved metabolomic method based on air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was developed for investigating the region-specific metabolic disturbances in the brain of DE model rats induced by a high-fat diet in combination with streptozotocin administration. A total of 19 discriminating metabolites associated with glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); the glutamate/gamma aminobutyric acid-glutamine cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle; nucleotide metabolism; lipid metabolism; carnitine homeostasis; and taurine, ascorbic acid, histidine, and choline metabolism were identified and located in the brains of the diabetic rats simultaneously for the first time. The results indicated that increased glycolytic and PPP activity; dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolism; dysregulation of adenosinergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic systems; disorder of osmotic regulation and antioxidant system; and disorder of lipid metabolism occur in a region-specific fashion in the brains of DE rats. Thus, this study provides valuable information regarding the molecular pathological signature of DE. These findings also underline the high potential of AFADESI-MSI for applications in various central nervous system diseases.Near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion is of great interest in many fields. Here, a self-assembly organic cocrystal (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)) with strong absorption in NIR range is constructed, with widespread absorption (200-1500 nm) and very high NIR photothermal conversion efficiency (87.2%). Essentially, in this cocrystal, a small HOMO-LUMO gap of donor-acceptor pair boosts the absorption ability of this cocrystal in the NIR range. The mixed stacking structure significantly enhances the intermolecular interactions as well as the electron-hole delocalization, suppressing the emission processes, leading to nonradiative decay processes from excited states. Strong intermolecular interactions enable the cocrystal to have dense electronic energy levels, leading to a high proportion (94.4%) vibrational cooling and internal conversion processes with ultrafast excited-state relaxation (0.12 ps), which contributes to high NIR photothermal conversion efficiency.
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