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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are an attractive means of improving the efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) that difficult to be used by plants and may provide a sustainable way of maintaining high yields while reducing P applications. However, quantifying the contribution of indigenous AM fungi on phosphorus uptake and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions is not particularly clear. Mesh-barrier compartments were applied to monitor the distribution of hyphal P uptake throughout the experimental period under different planting densities and soil depths, over two consecutive years. AM symbioses enhanced plant P-acquisition efficiency, especially during the silking stage, and hyphae of AM fungi was assessed to contribution 19.4% at most to total available P content of soil. Moreover, the pattern of AM depletion of soil P generally matched shoot nutrient demand under the high planting density, which resulted in significantly increased yield in 2014. Although the hyphal length density was significantly decreased with soil depth, AM fungi still had high potential for P supply in deeper soil. It demonstrates the great potential of indigenous AM fungi to maize productivity in the high-yield area of China, and it would further provide the possibility of elimination P fertilizer applications to maintain high yields.Serum sodium concentration within the normal range could act as an indicator of age-related changes such as decrease in muscle strength and impairment of capillary function. Since endothelial injury stimulates endothelial repair by enhancing CD34-positive cell production, the level of serum sodium may be inversely associated with that of circulating CD34-positive cells, thus indicating the degree of age-related endothelial injury. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 246 elderly Japanese men aged 60-69 years. Subjects were stratified by hypertension status because hypertension should act as a strong confounding factor for the analyses performed in this study. Serum sodium concentration was positively associated with handgrip strength in non-hypertensive subjects [standardized parameter estimate (β) = 0.29; p = 0.003], but not for hypertensive subjects (β = 0.01; p = 0.878), while it was inversely associated with circulating CD34-positive cell levels in non-hypertensive subjects [simple correlation coefficient (r) = - 0.28; p = 0.002] but not for hypertensive subjects (r = - 0.07; p = 0.454). For non-hypertensive elderly subjects, serum sodium concentration within the normal range is positively associated with handgrip strength and inversely associated with CD34-positive cells, thus partly indicating the degree of age-related endothelium injury. These associations could prove to be an efficient tool for clarifying the background mechanism governing the decrease in age-related muscle strength.The Mufushan-Jiaoshan fault (MJF) is a hidden active fault located on the north side of the Ningzhen Mountain Range and developed along the Yangtze River in Zhenjiang area, China. In this paper, the structure of MJF is detected and studied using group-velocity ambient noise tomography. In the study area (18 km × 25 km), 47 short-period seismic stations were deployed with the average station spacing of about 3 km and 24 days (from 27 February to 22 March 2019) of continuous ambient-noise recordings were collected. And 510 group velocity dispersion curves in the period band 0.5-5 s were extracted using the vertical component data. And then the three-dimensional shear-wave velocity structure was inverted using group dispersion data by the direct surface-wave tomographic method. Our results are consistent with the geological background of the study area, showing that in the depth range of 0.6-1.5 km, the north side of MJF presents a relatively high velocity, and the south side presents a distribution pattern of high and low velocity. While in the depth range of 1.5-2.0 km, the shear-wave velocity (Vs) model is relatively simple with relatively low velocity on the north side and relatively high velocity on the south side. And the gradient zone of Vs may be the location of the main fracture surface of MJF. The good correspondence between the Vs model and the fault structure indicates that the ambient noise tomography method can be used as an effective method for detecting hidden faults in urban environments.High quality silver (Ag) decorated CeO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a facile one-step chemical method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Visible absorption (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL) and thermogravimetric analysis. The decoration of Ag on CeO2 surface was confirmed by XRD, EPR and HR-TEM analysis. Harmful textile pollutant Rose Bengal dye was degraded under sunlight using the novel Ag decorated CeO2 catalyst. It was found that great enhancement of the degradation efficiency for Ag/CeO2 compared to pure CeO2, it can be ascribed mainly due to decrease in its band gap and charge carrier recombination rate. SGI-1776 cost The Ag/CeO2 sample exhibited an efficient photocatalytic characteristic for degrading RB under visible light irradiation with a high degradation rate of 96% after 3 h. With the help of various characterizations, a possible degradation mechanism has been proposed which shows the effect of generation of oxygen vacancies owing to the decoration of Ag on the CeO2 surface.Iran lies at the southernmost range limit of brown bears globally. Therefore, understanding the habitat associations and patterns of population connectivity for brown bears in Iran is relevant for the species' conservation. We applied species distribution modeling to predict habitat suitability and connectivity modeling to identify population core areas and corridors. Our results showed that forest density, topographical roughness, NDVI and human footprint were the most influential variables in predicting brown bear distribution. The most crucial core areas and corridor networks for brown bear are concentrated in the Alborz and Zagros Mountains. These two core areas were predicted to be fragmented into a total of fifteen isolated patches if dispersal of brown bear across the landscape is limited to 50,000 cost units, and aggregates into two isolated habitat patches if the species is capable of dispersing 400,000 cost units. We found low overlap between corridors, and core habitats with protected areas, suggesting that the existing protected area network may not be adequate for the conservation of brown bear in Iran.
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