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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the general population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression, anxiety, addiction to drugs) and significant social, emotional, and occupational impairments.


Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed drugs.

Medicines

Many adults with ADHD report significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning when they take medication. Due to the various ways people respond to medications it is important for individuals with ADHD to find a combination that is effective.

Stimulants, including methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. These stimulants are available as liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hour. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug used once per day to decrease the need for frequent dosing throughout the day.

Antidepressants such as desipramine have also been proven to be effective in the treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of medications can be used alone or in combination with stimulants to increase their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious adverse effects, such as rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension.

Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists like alprazolam as well as clonidine are utilized to treat adults suffering from ADHD. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and can improve focus, and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. However, these drugs can result in a drop in blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage.

Adults with ADHD can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy helps people to overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment and resentment against coworkers, supervisors, teachers and family members who might criticize or nag them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples with ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication.

Behavioral Therapy

Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can help those with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the feeling of failure they feel frequently.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy, assists people to change negative thoughts and feelings that cause difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and act. This short-term, goal-oriented kind of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for many conditions such as anxiety and depression. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or on its own.

CBT may include group therapy, which is particularly beneficial for people with ADHD as it offers the opportunity to meet others who are facing similar issues and learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or by phone. One study examined the effects of CBT with that of conventional therapy for adults suffering from ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report measures of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life.

A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were linked to various modalities such as cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training, and mindfulness meditation.

However, caution is advised when comparing the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is possible that the different outcomes of the treatments are due to a variety of variables such as the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. A few studies have looked into the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while doing cognitive tasks to identify brain areas where there is a lack or excess of activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns.

Counseling

Many people suffering from ADHD also have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these problems, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy methods that can aid in improving the ability of individuals to resolve conflicts and build meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to change negative behavior and help manage impulsive and self-destructive behaviors which can lead to issues at school or at work.

In some instances, psychotherapy is used as an adjunct to medication for adult ADHD treatment for adults. Patients with multiple disorders like depression, substance abuse and bipolar disorder need to be assessed to ensure that their symptoms aren't aggravated by medications used to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and seizures in the past, must be treated with more vigor because they are at higher risk of developing complications from the medications.

In-depth outpatient programs could be recommended when the person's ADHD is so severe that it interferes with their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer a more intensive and structured treatment than traditional outpatient therapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, helps people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive functioning. It helps them recognize and express their feelings. It uses worksheets and activities to make the learning more enjoyable. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and enhances a person's ability to focus and regulate their emotions. It enhances the capacity of a person to manage anxiety and stress. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotional issues that could be contributing to their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults suffering from ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting their work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you increase self-esteem, address underlying problems and establish healthy coping mechanisms.

Cognitive-behavioral Therapy is a great treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps you modify your negative beliefs and behaviors. In particular, it concentrates on teaching you to use strategies for managing time and overcoming the distortions in your thinking that cause negative moods and a perception of limited choices.

Many adults with ADHD also suffer from depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric conditions can cause or diminish the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbidity first and observe the effect of medication prior to beginning treatment for the other disorder.

Occupational therapy can help you manage your life and work, establish predictable routines, manage your time and money, and develop a positive image of yourself. It can help you master ways to relax that could reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Yoga and other workouts can aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different poses.

Marriage and family counseling can address the problems that adults suffering from ADHD frequently cause their spouses, children and their families. They often complain about being unreliable and disorganized. They also tend to forget things or make impulsive decisions. You can build stronger relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. Moreover, it can aid you and your loved ones realize that these issues are due to the patient's ADHD rather than to an absence of care or a willful refusal to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is very frequent. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and addiction disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are a variety of medications available for adults suffering from ADHD and a few of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and the limitations of the medication.

Adults who suffer from ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, however it isn't always easy to diagnose them because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their family or they may not remember experiencing symptoms. It is important to have an extensive medical history to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness such as thyroid problems such as sleep apnea, sleep apnea and vision problems.

Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medications for adults suffering from ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 - 80 percentage range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be found in a transdermal system, which allows for a continuous medication delivery throughout the day.

Adults with ADHD can take non-stimulant drugs that are based on norepinephrine, or dopamine. adhd in adults treatment is the most researched tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective in adult patients with ADHD. It is a low dose medication and should be increased by 50 mg every seven days until the desired effect is observed.

Bupropion XL is another antidepressant which has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist and blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its availability in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults. However, it isn't as effective as stimulants in improving cognitive performance or concentration.

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