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This paper presents an updated catalog of all taxa of Leiodidae (s.lat.) reported from the Neotropical Region. Keys are presented for the identification of all subfamilies, tribes, and 62 described genera. Three undescribed genera are included in the keys. A total of 600 valid named species are listed, with type localities, type depositories, synonyms, distributions, and biologies where known, and some unnamed species as recorded in the literature. Many species remain to be described. In this work we formally establish no new synonyms and no new combinations although we may indicate the existence of these; but we add new records for described species, and we make spelling corrections of scientific names, when appropriate. A brief review of distribution patterns is given. The fauna has been derived partly from some Nearctic elements that have penetrated as far south as Bolivia. A few genera in the Neotropical element have penetrated the Nearctic Region as far north as the northern U.S.A. or southeastern Canada. Most of the Neotropical genera are autochthonous. In southern South America there is a diverse Neo-Austral fauna with clear "Transantarctic" relationships to Australia and New Zealand and weakly to southern Africa. Some genera variously occur on other continents.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Vespidae is provided here. The list includes 163 identified species in 49 genera and four subfamilies Eumeninae (41 genera, 130 species), Masarinae (4 genera, 14 species), Polistinae (3 genera, 17 species) and Vespinae (1 genus, 2 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 53 species (33%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, as are 15 subspecies. A new combination is proposed Knemodynerus sauditus (Giordani Soika, 1989) comb. nov., transferred from Trachyodynerus Giordani Soika, 1989.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Tiphiidae is provided here. The list includes 38 identified valid species in 10 genera and three subfamilies Anthoboscinae (1 genus, 2 species), Myzininae (7 genera, 29 species), and Tiphiinae (2 genera, 7 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; 24 species (63%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Scoliidae is provided here. The list includes nine identified valid species in four genera and two tribes, all in the subfamily Scoliinae Campsomerini (2 genera, 3 species) and Scoliini (2 genera, 6 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; two species (22%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. Scolia saudita Gadallah Brothers, nom. nov. PI4KIIIbeta-IN-10 solubility dmso is proposed for Scolia arabica Gadallah, 2004, nec Scolia arabica Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1845.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Sapygidae is provided here. The list includes a single identified valid species in the subfamily Sapyginae Asmisapyga guichardi Gusenleitner. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided; the species is not endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Pompilidae is provided here. The list includes 119 identified valid species in 35 genera and three subfamilies Ceropalinae (1 genus, 6 species), Pepsinae (6 genera, 26 species) and Pompilinae (28 genera, 87 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 22 species (18%) are confined to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Mutillidae is provided here. The list includes 64 identified species in 21 genera and five subfamilies Dasylabrinae (2 genera, 16 species), Mutillinae (14 genera, 37 species), Myrmillinae (3 genera, 6 species), Pseudophotopsidinae (1 genus, 4 species), and Ticoplinae (1 genus, 1 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; 31 species (50%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Bradynobaenidae is provided here. The list includes 40 identified species in four genera and one subfamily Apterogyninae (Apterogyna, 9 species; Gynecaptera, 1 species; Macroocula, 24 species; Micatagla, 6 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 29 species (73%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Sclerogibbidae is provided here. The list includes nine identified valid species in three genera of Sclerogibbinae. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species, three being new country records; none is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Embolemidae is provided here. The list includes a single species Embolemus harteni Olmi, 1997. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided; this species is not endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Dryinidae is provided here. The list includes 40 identified species in eight genera and five subfamilies Anteoninae (2 genera, 11 species), Aphelopinae (1 genus, 4 species), Bocchinae (2 genera, 5 species), Dryininae (1 genus, 5 species) and Gonatopodinae (2 genera, 15 species). Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species; nine species (23%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula.An updated checklist of the Arabian species of Chrysididae is provided here. Three new synonymies (valid name first) are proposed Chrysis mirifica Balthasar, 1953 = Chrysis dawahi Strumia, 2012 syn. nov.; Chrysis viridissima Klug, 1845 = Chrysis decolorata Strumia Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.; Trichrysis longispina (Mocsáry, 1912) = Trichrysis flavicornis Strumia Dawah, 2019 syn. nov.. Consequently, the list includes 124 identified species in 22 genera and three tribes, all in the subfamily Chrysidinae Elampini (11 genera, 48 species), Chrysidini (9 genera, 73 species), and Parnopini (2 genera, 3 species). In addition, there is a single record of an unidentified species of the subfamily Cleptinae. Distributions, both on the Peninsula and extra-limital, are provided for each species and subspecies; 41 species (33%) are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula, as are five subspecies.
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