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A person's Part associated with COVID-19.
ility and morphology do not depend upon varicocele. The DNA fragmentation is increased in degree III varicocele. The relative risk of infertility in varicocele is low (OR is less or equal 1.13).
In varicocele, the sperm count decreases but in of cases, concentration is within reference values; there is no difference between degree II and III. The sperm motility and morphology do not depend upon varicocele. The DNA fragmentation is increased in degree III varicocele. The relative risk of infertility in varicocele is low (OR is less or equal 1.13).
To evaluate the efficiency of additional methods of intraoperative control during transurethral resection (TUR) for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

A total of 138 patients (92 men and 46 women) with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta-T1N0M0) were treated in the urological clinic of Kazan State Medical University. The median age was 59 years. In 28 patients TUR was performed as monotherapy, in 28 patients TUR with photodynamic therapy (PDD) was done and other 26 patients undergone TUR under dynamic transurethral ultrasound control. In 29 patients, TUR was combined with a single intravesical instillation of a chemotherapy drug, and in 27 patients, TUR was combined with long-term intravesical chemotherapy. The frequency and type of relapses was evaluated depending on the treatment method during five-year follow-up period. Analysis of postoperative complications and their severity was performed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Statistical analysis was performed using theperform TUR in combination with PDD and transurethral ultrasound in order to improve the oncological results. Long-term intravesical chemotherapy is an effective alternative in case of inability to use additional intraoperative control and it should be included in the treatment scheme of patients with a high risk of recurrence.
To investigate long-term results after radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer.

Since 1997 to 2020 yy. we have performed 404 radical cystectomy with different methods of derivation for patients with bladder cancer in our clinic. There were 342 (86,4%) men and 62 (13,6%) women. Laboratory study, ultrasound, X-ray, CT. MRI investigations were performed in all patients.

Mortality rate was 2,9%. Early and late postoperative complications have occurred in 136 (33,6%) and 98 (41,8%) cases, respectively. selleck kinase inhibitor Local recurrence has occurred in 33 (8,5%) patients. 10-years overall and cancer-specific survival were 43,4% and 47,2%, respectively. In lymph-negative patients 2-years and 5-years overall survival were 81,2% and 67,2%, respectively. In lymph positive patients 2-years and 5-years overall survival were 46,9% and 13,9%, respectively. In lymph-negative patients 2-years and 5-years cancer-specific survival were 83,6% and 70,7%, respectively. In lymph positive patients 2-years and 5-years cancer-specific survival were 51,0% and 15,1%, respectively. Overall and cancer -specific survival decreased according to increasing pT-stage and histopathologic grade.

pT-stage (pT), lymp nodes status (pN), histopathologic grade ( pG) have a significant independent influence on overall and cancer-specific survival of bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy.
pT-stage (pT), lymp nodes status (pN), histopathologic grade ( pG) have a significant independent influence on overall and cancer-specific survival of bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy.
To compare the perioperative, functional, clinical and morphological results of a standard robot-assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy and with the use of the Retzius-sparing technique.

A prospective analysis was performed of two groups of patients (n=54) who underwent nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (period from 2017 to 2018). The first group included 29 patients who underwent nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with Retzius-sparing technique, the second - 25 patients operated on according to the standard method of bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. All patients were comparable in baseline characteristics. In all cases, patients had histologically verified localized prostate cancer pT2a-2c.

In cases with use Retzius-sparing technique there is no statistically significant difference in the operation time (243.60 min vs 236.64 min, in groups 1 and 2, p>0.05) and intraoperative blood loss (131.20 ml vs 122.57 ml , in groups 1 and 2, p>0.05). Regarding the dynamics of the urinary continence recovery, the Retzius-sparing technique demonstrates advantages in speed and frequency at all follow-up periods (54.13% vs 41.81%; 68.12% vs 59.21%; 94.15% vs 90 , 63%; 98.54% vs 97.12%; 98.62% vs 97.31%; 98.83% vs 97.82% - in one week after removal of the urethral catheter, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months in the first and second group, respectively). The frequency of erectile function recovery after 12 months was 82.17% and 71.14% in the first and second groups, respectively.

Retzius-sparing robot-assisted prostatectomy superior to standard operation in the speed and timing of recovery of urine continence and erectile function.
Retzius-sparing robot-assisted prostatectomy superior to standard operation in the speed and timing of recovery of urine continence and erectile function.
Kidney cancer (mostly renal cell carcinoma) is one of the ten most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors among men and women. Due to the widespread use of computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the proportion of early-stage kidney cancers has increased. Currently, treatment options for stage 1 kidney cancer are radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, and active surveillance. Among organ-preserving intervention, three main techniques can be distinguished open surgery, minimally invasive surgery and ablation methods. To date, robotic-assisted procedures have occupied their place among minimally invasive interventions.

To carry out a comparative analysis of two methods of organ-preserving treatment of kidney tumors, namely robot-assisted and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

A retrospective comparative analysis of two groups of patients with kidney tumors who underwent robotic-assisted or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy during the period from 2012 to 2019 was performed.

There were no differences between two groups in age, mean score on the RENAL nephrometry scale, preoperative creatinine levels, tumor size, and duration of warm ischemia.
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