Notes

Partial Nitrification and also Denitrifying Phosphorus Elimination within a Pilot-Scale ABR/MBR Blended Procedure.
At high altitude, low oxygen partial pressure predisposes human body to hypobaric hypoxia that may lead to high-altitude illness. Currently, singing had been used for rehabilitation of patients with lung diseases but its role in high-altitude low oxygen environment is still scarce. This study aims to examine the effect of singing in improving oxygen saturation at different levels of high altitudes in a hypobaric chamber. Eight healthy volunteers were assigned to three interventions at three simulated altitudes (sea level, 3000 m and 5000 m). The oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured via pulse oximetry under three conditions no singing (NS), singing aloud (SA), and singing silently (SS). The "birthday song" was used as the standard song for 4 minutes. At sea level, mean NS SpO2 was 97.75% ± 1.04%. With SS, the level increased to 98.25% ± 1.04%. Mean SA SpO2 increased to 98.38% ± 0.92% (P less then 0.05). At 3000 m, mean NS SpO2 was 92.75% ± 3.73% and rose to 94.50% ± 2.51% and 94.63% ± 2.00% respectively with SA and SS (P less then 0.05). At 5000 m, NS level of 79.88P ± 3.60% increased to 82.13 ± 5.87 and 82.88% ± 7.12% with SA and SS respectively (P less then 0.05). The repeated measure ANOVA showed significant difference for altitude (P less then 0.001) and intervention (P = 0.05). In conclusion, singing both either "aloud" or "silently" significantly increased the level of SpO2 in simulated high altitude at 3000 m and above. The study suggests that singing as a potential intervention to improve oxygen saturation at high altitudes. Study with larger sample in hypobaric chamber as well as in real environment is recommended.The number and complexity of percutaneous interventions for the treatment of structural heart disease has increased in clinical practice in parallel with the development of new imaging technologies, in order to render these interventions safer and more accurate. Complementary imaging modalities are commonly used, but they require additional mental reconstruction and effort by the interventional team. The concept of fusion imaging, where two different modalities are fused in real time and on a single monitor, aims to solve these limitations. This is an important tool to guide percutaneous interventions, enabling a good visualization of catheters, guidewires and devices employed, with enhanced spatial resolution and anatomical definition. It also allows the marking of anatomical reference points of interest for the procedure. Some studies show decreased procedural time and total radiation dose with fusion imaging; however, there is a need to obtain data with more robust scientific methodology to assess the impact of this technology in clinical practice. Chlorin e6 cell line The aim of this review is to describe the concept and basic principles of fusion imaging, its main clinical applications and some considerations about the promising future of this imaging technology.Infection by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the second pandemic of the XXI century after influenza A in 2009. As of mid-June 2020, more than 4,40,000 fatal cases of SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19) have occurred worldwide. Besides its prominent expression at the level of the respiratory apparatus, COVID-19 is also characterized by a substantial degree of cardiovascular involvement, both in terms of deterioration of pre-existing conditions, and as the effect of inflammation-facilitated acute events. They include ischemic/inflammatory heart disease, ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, thrombotic events at the level of the lungs, and systemic activation of the coagulation cascade, configuring the scenario of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Herein, we summarize the main COVID-19 features of relevance for the clinicians in the cardiovascular field. The rationale, concerns, and possible side effects of specific therapeutic measures, including anticoagulants, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory/antiviral medications applied to the treatment of COVID-19 are also discussed.While the number of cancer patients is increasing with the arrival of the super-aging society, the age-adjusted mortality rate of cancer decreases due to medical advances, and the number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death among cancer survivors. In recent years, the number of cancer patients with CVD risk factors has increased. Also, the emergence of new drugs has led to the emergence of a new condition called cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease (CTRCD). Cardio-oncology (onco-cardiology) is a new multidisciplinary field with the common goal of completing cancer treatment and improving the prognosis of cancer patients and survivors, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CTRCD. Cardio-oncology rehabilitation (CORE) is a new concept that aims to reduce the risk of CVD and improve cardiopulmonary fitness in cancer survivors by providing exercise prescriptions and cardiac rehabilitation in addition to so-called cancer rehabilitation during and after cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the theoretical background, feasibility, challenges, and opportunities of CORE, including a series of recent white papers and scientific statements released by the American Heart Association.
Sarcopenia, characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, is a comprehensive and objective marker of frailty and is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in adult surgery patients. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of preoperative sarcopenia assessed by chest computed tomography in patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery.

This observational study retrospectively reviewed records of 144 consecutive adult patients who underwent isolated tricuspid valve surgery between January 2010 and December 2016. Preoperative chest computed tomography scans were used to measure the area of the erector spinae muscle and pectoralis muscle which was then indexed to height in meters squared. The total skeletal muscle index was defined as the sum of the right and left cross-sectional areas of the erector spinae muscle index and the pectoralis muscle index. Sarcopenia was defined as any total skeletal muscle index below the 50th sex-specific percentile. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the independent association between preoperative sarcopenia and major 30-day postoperative complications.
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