Notes

Atypia involving undetermined significance throughout thyroid cytology: Fischer atypia and architectural atypia tend to be linked to diverse molecular changes as well as hazards of metastasizing cancer.
Findings did not covary with age or education. Overall, CNOAs showed a large P3b oddball effect while those with probable MCI did not. Conclusions P3b can be used to show electrophysiological differences between older adults with and without probable MCI. These results support the development of educational materials targeting professionals using auditory-evoked potentials.
The National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHS BCSP) in England has replaced guaiac faecal occult blood testing by faecal immunochemical testing (FIT). There is interest in fully exploiting FIT measures to improve bowel cancer (CRC) screening strategies. In this paper, we estimate the relationship of the quantitative haemoglobin concentration provided by FIT in faecal samples with underlying pathology. From this we estimate thresholds required for given levels of sensitivity to CRC and high-risk adenomas (HRA).

Data were collected from a pilot study of FIT in England in 2014, in which 27,238 participants completed a FIT. Those with a faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) of at least 20 µg/g were referred for further investigation, usually colonoscopy. Truncated regression models were used to explore the relationship between bowel pathology and FIT results. Regression results were applied to estimate sensitivity to different abnormalities for a number of thresholds.

Participants with CRC and HRA had significantly higher f-Hb, and this remained unchanged after adjusting for age and sex. While a threshold of 20 μg/g was estimated to capture 82.2% of CRC and 64.0% of HRA, this would refer 7.8% of participants for colonoscopy. The current programme threshold used in England of 120 μg/g was estimated to identify 47.8% of CRC and 25.0% of HRA.

Under the current diagnostic policy of dichotomising FIT results, a very low threshold would be required to achieve high sensitivity to CRC and HRA, which would place further strain on colonoscopy resources. The NHS BCSP in England might benefit from a diagnostic policy that makes greater use of the quantitative nature of FIT.
Under the current diagnostic policy of dichotomising FIT results, a very low threshold would be required to achieve high sensitivity to CRC and HRA, which would place further strain on colonoscopy resources. The NHS BCSP in England might benefit from a diagnostic policy that makes greater use of the quantitative nature of FIT.Participants in experience sampling method (ESM) studies are "beeped" several times per day to report on their momentary experiences-but participants do not always answer the beep. Knowing whether there are systematic predictors of missing a report is critical for understanding the extent to which missing data threatens the validity of inferences from ESM studies. Here, 228 university students completed up to four ESM reports per day while wearing the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR)-an unobtrusive audio recording device-for a week. These audio recordings provided an alternative source of information about what participants were doing when they missed or completed reports (3,678 observations). We predicted missing ESM reports from 46 variables coded from the EAR recordings, and found very little evidence that missing an ESM report was correlated with constructs typically of interest to ESM researchers. These findings provide reassuring evidence for the validity of ESM research among relatively healthy university student samples.Despite the broad importance of humor, psychologists do not agree on the basic elements that cause people to experience laughter, amusement, and the perception that something is funny. There are more than 20 distinct psychological theories that propose appraisals that characterize humor appreciation. Most of these theories leverage a subset of five potential antecedents of humor appreciation surprise, simultaneity, superiority, a violation appraisal, and conditions that facilitate a benign appraisal. We evaluate each antecedent against the existing empirical evidence and find that simultaneity, violation, and benign appraisals all help distinguish humorous from nonhumorous experiences, but surprise and superiority do not. Our review helps organize a disconnected literature, dispel popular but inaccurate ideas, offers a framework for future research, and helps answer three long-standing questions about humor what conditions predict laughter and amusement, what are the adaptive benefits of humor, and why do different people think vastly different things are humorous?Medication adherence has become a major concern in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) worldwide, but little is known about this in Vietnam. LB-100 This study aimed to identify adherence level among outpatients at district clinics in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study of 450 MMT outpatients was conducted at three clinics in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Participants underwent face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Adherence was measured based on both the number of doses missed under Vietnam Ministry of Health criteria and the level of perceived adherence using a visual analogue scale. The prevalence of adherence based on these measures was 61.8% and 80.9%, respectively. Significantly higher level of adherence was found in young participants who had used drug for a longer period of time, had comorbidity, were on antiretroviral therapy and satisfied with MMT service time. However, lower odds of adhering to MMT were found in participants with higher educational level who were married, spent more than 30 min to go to the clinic and currently used illicit drug. In conclusion, despite a relatively high prevalence of adherence, there were a large number of MMT non-adherence patients in HCMC. Interventions are needed to improve adherence and to enhance MMT programmes in Vietnam.Objective. Literature confirms that many physiotherapists suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), but studies mention different, complementary and contradictory findings regarding risk factors. This scoping review aimed at revealing the most frequently examined and contributory WMSD factors mentioned in recent studies about physiotherapists. Methods. Based on specific inclusion/exclusion and appraisal criteria, 11 studies published between 2012 and 2018 were included in the analysis. The factors recorded per publication were grouped into 18 categories, the frequency of their appearance across the sources was counted and the median ranks of their relative reported contribution were calculated. Results. Excessive workload was found to be the most contributory factor, followed by the application of manual orthopaedic techniques. However, demanding and repetitive manual tasks were the most common factors investigated in the publications reviewed. A medium-strength correlation was found between the frequency of examination and reported contribution of factors but with a noticeable range of the confidence interval possibly due to the diversity of the approaches in the studies reviewed.
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