Notes

Safeguarding Parenteral Eating routine Coming from Light Boosts Rate of survival inside Rapid Newborns.
This is an invited commentary on the manuscript by Goldstein S, Heaton T, Bondoc A, et al., titled Evolving Applications of Fluorescence Guided Surgery in Pediatric Surgical Oncology A Practical Guide for Surgeons.
There is a limited understanding of the impact of pediatric malnutrition indicators on post-operative outcomes.

All pediatric surgical patients captured in the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric database from 2016 to 2018 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds of 30-day post-operative infection by malnutrition definition (stunted, wasted, requiring nutritional support, pre-operative hypoalbuminemia).

Among pediatric surgery patients (n = 282,056), 19% of patients met one definition of malnutrition, 6% met two, 1% met 3, and <0.1% met all 4. After adjustment, requiring nutritional support (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.36-1.60), stunting (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25), and hypoalbuminemia (OR 1.17 95% CI 1.04-1.32) were associated with increased odds of post-operative infection while wasting was not. Requiring nutritional support was associated in an increase of 10.17 days (95% CI 9.89-10.44) in time from admission to surgery.

The metric used to define malnutrition changed the association with post-operative outcomes. Nutritional supplementation, stunting, and hypoalbuminemia were associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. These findings have implications for pre-operative patient level counseling, accurate risk stratification, surgical planning, and patient optimization in pediatric surgery.

III.
III.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low-dose imaging protocol to reduce intraprocedural radiation during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Observational analysis 802 transfemoral TAVI patients receiving balloon-expandable devices ≥23 mm at a high-volume centre. After propensity score matching, a standard-dose group (SD, n = 333) treated between January 2014 and February 2016 was compared with a low-dose group (LD, n = 333) treated between August 2017 and March 2019 after departmental uptake of a low-dose imaging protocol (reduced field size, high table height, use of "fluoro save," 3.75 frames/second acquisition, increased filtering). Primary end point was dose-area product (DAP). Secondary safety end points were VARC-2 device success and a composite of in-hospital complications. The LD protocol was associated with lower DAP (4.64 [2.93, 8.42] vs 22.73 [12.31, 34.58] Gy⋅cm2, p less then 0.001) and fluoroscopy time (10.4 [8.1, 13.9] vs 11.5 [9.1, 15.3] minutes, p = 0.001). Contrast use was higher in the LD group (LD 110 [94, 130] vs SD 100 [80, 135] milliliters, p = 0.042). Device success (LD 88.3% vs SD 91.3%, p = 0.25), and the composite end point (LD 8.1% vs SD 11.4%, p = 0.19) were similar. In multivariate analysis, the low-dose protocol was associated with a 19.8 Gy⋅cm2 reduction in procedural DAP (p less then 0.001). In conclusion, compared with standard imaging, a low-dose protocol for TAVI significantly reduced radiation dose without compromising outcomes.A 55-year old man with a history of meningioma treated with LHRH-agonist plus radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) experienced a meningioma growth during hormone therapy (HT). Meningioma was radically resected revealing an atypical meningioma and HT was continued due to the high risk of PCa relapse until symptomatic meningioma relapse occurred after further 10 months. Gross lesions were radically removed and histology revealed anaplastic meningioma. This is the first case of rapid meningioma evolution to an anaplastic histology during LHRH-agonist.Mechanical stress is a well-recognized driver of plaque rupture. RXDX-106 Likewise, investigating the role of mechanical forces in plaque erosion has recently begun to provide some important insights, yet the knowledge is by far less advanced. The most significant example is that of shear stress, which has early been proposed as a possible driver for focal endothelial death and denudation. Recent findings using optical coherence tomography, computational sciences and mechanical models show that plaque erosion occurs most likely around atheromatous plaque throats with specific stress pattern. In parallel, we have recently shown that neutrophil-dependent inflammation promotes plaque erosion, possibly through a noxious action on ECs. Most importantly, spontaneous thrombosis - associated or not with EC denudation - can be impacted by hemodynamics, and it is now established that neutrophils promote thrombosis and platelet activation, highlighting a potential relationship between, mechanical stress, inflammation, and EC loss in the setting of coronary plaque erosion. Here, we review our current knowledge regarding the implication of both mechanical stress and neutrophils, and we discuss their implication in the promotion of plaque erosion via EC loss and thrombosis.We aimed to compare the early (in-hospital/30-day) outcomes (major periprocedural complications, device success/valve performance, and mortality) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the Sapien 3 versus Evolut transcatheter valve systems. This was a systematic review from PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies reporting raw data or estimates. The outcomes analyzed were (1) in-hospital/30-day major periprocedural complications, (2) device success and valve performance, and (3) mortality. The outcomes were defined according to VARC-2 criteria. A total of 24,628 transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients from 9 studies (1 randomized, 8 observational [5 case- or propensity-matched analyses]) were included 12,411 and 12,217 patients had Sapien 3 and Evolut valve implantation, respectively. There were no differences between devices regarding in-hospital/30-day stroke (risk ratio [RR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34 to 2.66), major vascular complications (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.68), acute kidney injury (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.77), device success (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.04) and moderate-severe residual aortic regurgitation (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.17). Sapien 3 recipients exhibited lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), a higher risk of life-threatening bleeding (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.80), and higher residual transvalvular gradients (mean difference 3.95 mmHg, 95% CI 3.37 to 4.56). A lower risk of in-hospital/30-day mortality was observed for Sapien 3 (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.90). In conclusion, the similarities in device success rate and major periprocedural complications (except for a higher and lower risk of permanent pacemaker implantation and life-threatening bleeding, respectively, with the Evolut system) support the lack of a valve type effect accounting for the increased mortality risk observed with the Evolut valve.
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