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Focused along with Non-Targeted Mechanisms with regard to Killing Hypoxic Tumor Cells-Are Right now there New Paths with regard to Treatment?
FFT spectra of first and fourth row elements classify CIN-I and CIN-II grades of cervical cancerous tissues with 90%-100% sensitivity and 87%-100% specificity. LCL161 cost Normal and CIN-II grade samples are successfully discriminated through Fourier spectra of every MM element while that of M31 element arises as the key classifier among normal, CIN-I, and CIN-II grades of cervical cancer with 100% sensitivity and specificity. These results demonstrate the promise of spatial frequency analysis of Mueller matrix images as a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for cancer/precancer detection.We propose and demonstrate a hybrid fiber-based sensor combining a multimode interference (MMI) structure and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index (RI) of a liquid sample. We configure the MMI structure by connecting a single-mode fiber, a no-core fiber, and a single-mode fiber sequentially. We set up the SPR structure by coating a gold film with a thickness of 50 nm on the surface of the no-core fiber. We measure the sensitivity of RI and the temperature of the MMI and SPR structure, respectively. Then we obtain the coefficient matrix to simultaneously measure the temperature and RI of a liquid sample and obtain the highest RI sensitivity of 2061.6 nm/RIU and temperature sensitivity of 37.9 pm/°C. We verify the feasibility of the sensor in liquid alcohol. The testing results indicate that the proposed sensor and testing method are feasible, accurate, and convenient.Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation can be converted to visible light using tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) as a phosphor. 1 µm films of TPB were prepared using thermal vapor deposition of the pure material and by spin coating suspensions of TPB in high-molecular-weight polystyrene/toluene solutions. Calibrated sources and detectors were used to determine the effective photon conversion efficiency of the films for incident EUV radiation in the wavelength range of $125;rm nmlelambdale 200;rm nm$125nm≤λ≤200nm. After exposure to atmosphere, the efficiency of the vapor-deposited films decreased significantly, while the efficiency of the spin-coated films remained unchanged. The production of TPB films by spin coating offers the advantages of simplicity and long-term stability.Because of material limitations, achieving an athermal design for dual-waveband infrared systems is difficult. This study integrates single-layer diffractive elements to reduce the volume and weight of such a design and introduces optical-digital joint methods to eliminate the impact of low diffraction efficiency. To achieve athermalization, temperature polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency and temperature integral wavelength weight are incorporated in the point spread function (PSF) model. Influence of low diffraction efficiency is eliminated via subsequent algorithm processing. Accordingly, athermal design and processing of a cooled dual-waveband infrared system is achieved and verified via experimental results.In charged spark-ignition engines, additional water injection allows for the reduction of temperature under stoichiometric mixture conditions. However, a higher complexity of the injection and combustion processes is introduced when a mixture of fuel and water ("emulsion") is injected directly into the combustion chamber using the same injector. For this purpose, the mixture must be homogenized before injection so that a reproducible composition can be adjusted. In principle, gasoline and water are not miscible, and may form an unstable macro-emulsion during mixing. However, the addition of ethanol, which is a biofuel component that is admixed to gasoline, can improve the mixing and may lead to a stable micro-emulsion. For the assessment of the distribution of the water and fuel phases in the mixture, a novel imaging concept based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is proposed. In a first spectroscopic study, a fluorescence dye for imaging of the water phase is selected and evaluated. The fluorescence spectra of the dye dissolved in pure water are investigated under varied conditions using a simplified pressure cell equipped with a stirrer. The study comprises effects of temperature, dye concentration, and photo-dissociation on fluorescence signals. In a second step, fuel is mixed with water (5 vol. % to 10 vol. %) containing the dye, and the water dispersion in the fuel is investigated in an imaging study. Additionally, the miscibility of fuel and water is studied for varying ethanol content, and the homogeneity of the mixture is determined. These first investigations are also essential for the assessment of the potential of the LIF technique for studying the distribution of the water phase in internal combustion engine injection systems and sprays.We present two kinds of mode-selective-coupler-based ultrafast radially polarized lasers delivering switchable wavelengths and pulsewidths. One is a linear-cavity fiber laser mode locked in the 1.5 µm region, which produces not only wavelength-agile radially polarized pulses in the spatial domain, but also switchable femtosecond and picosecond pulses in the temporal domain. The other one is a nonlinear-polarization-rotation-technique-assisted passively mode-locked fiber ring laser in the 1.0 µm region, presenting an ideal broadband spectral switching with picosecond radially polarized pulses output. The presented fiber lasers offer a type of compact laser source, enabling a flexible option for radially polarized beams in spectral and temporal domains.The cavity length of short-cavity Fabry-Perot (FP) sensors cannot be effectively interrogated using the conventional peak-to-peak method if the spectrum of the exciting source is not wide enough. In this paper, we propose a squared peak-to-peak algorithm for interrogation of short-cavity fiber-optic FP sensors. By squaring the DC-filtered reflection spectrum of an FP sensor in the frequency domain, we produce an additional peak, with which the cavity length of a sensor can be estimated using the same calculations as performed with the conventional peak-to-peak method. For investigation of the feasibility of this technique, we conducted simulations and practical experiments analyzing fiber-optic FP sensors with cavity lengths in the range of 15-25 µm. The maximum error in cavity length estimated using the proposed algorithm in experiments was 0.030 µm.
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