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Evaluation of the particular Secretor Status associated with ABO Blood Team Antigens throughout Spittle employing Ingestion Hang-up Technique.
Catalase activity was lower during the winter and spring. Non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were lower in the brain in the winter and spring. Muscle tissue showed lower NPSH in the winter (site 1). Liver NPSH showed increased levels in liver in the spring and winter (site 2). The biochemical results clearly is related to pesticides and/or to the presence of other contaminants in the water such as metals or domestic sewage. The accumulation of pesticides in fish muscle added evidence that pesticides have been used in the area surrounding the Uruguay River. In conclusion, the biomarkers assayed in the present study could be used in future investigations considering other sampling sites along Uruguay River.The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity in aquatic organisms of one biocidal active substance and six metabolites derived from biocidal active substances and to assess the suitability of available QSAR models to predict the obtained values. We have reported the acute toxicity in sewage treatment plant (STP) microorganisms, in the freshwater microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and in Daphnia magna following OECD test methods. We have also identified in silico models for acute toxicity of these trophic levels currently available in widely recognized platforms such as VEGA and the OECD QSAR ToolBox. A total of six, four and two models have been selected for Daphnia, algae and microorganisms, respectively. Finally, we have compared the in silico and in vivo data for the seven compounds plus two previously assayed biocidal substances. None of the compounds tested were toxic for Daphnia and STP microorganisms. For microalgae, CGA71019 (1,2,4 triazole) presented an ErC50 value of 38.3 mg/L. The selected in silico models have provided lower EC50 values and are therefore more conservative. Models from the OECD QSAR ToolBox predicted values for 7 out of 9 and for 4 out of 9 chemicals for Daphnia and P. subcapitata, respectively. check details No predictive models were identified in such platform for STP microorganism's acute effects. In terms of models's specificity, biocide-specific models, developed from curated datasets integrated by biocidal active substances and implemented in VEGA, perform better in the case of microalgae but for Daphnia an alternative, non biocide-specific has revealed a better performance. For STP microorganisms only biocide-specific models have been identified.Using an ideal parental line to breed hybrid rice with low cadmium (Cd) accumulation in grain is an environmental-friendly approach to reduce the risk of Cd contamination in field. A grain low-Cd rice line YaHui2816 has stably low Cd in grain but strong Cd accumulation in straw, revealing specific pattern of its straw-grain Cd remobilization is beneficial to effectively breed hybrid rice for safe production as well as phytoremediation. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate Cd partitioning of YaHui2816 at different stages by comparison with a common rice C268A. The Cd from lower nodes and leaves was restricted in nodeⅡ, this Cd retention led to weak Cd transport from straw to ear in YaHui2816. Cd concentration in nodeⅡ of YaHui2816 was 1.56-fold and 7.36-fold higher than C268A at filling and mature stages. Thus, glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC) concentration, PC synthase (OsPCS1), GSH S-Transferase (OsGST) and Cd-remobilization associated genes were measured at filling stage. OsHMA2 and OsCCX2 were up-regulated in nodeⅡ of YaHui2816, relative expression of them were significantly higher than C268A. PCs participated in Cd remobilization process, remarkable PC increase in nodeⅡ of YaHui2816 was found in response to Cd treatment under regulation of OsPCS1 and OsGST of which PC2 was dominant form. Taken as a whole, the Cd retention in nodeⅡ of YaHui2816 acts as a 'firewall' to restrain Cd transport to grain. This work provides more insight to understand possible function of alleles for reducing Cd concentration in grain as well as strengthening Cd accumulation in straw of YaHui2816.Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most frequently used pesticide in extensive agriculture around the world and can be incorporated by humans and animals with possible consequences on health. The effects of this pesticide on carcinogenesis are not clear and there is no consensus concerning the risks of this compound. In previous work, we demonstrated that CPF induces proliferation of breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. In this work we investigate whether CPF promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. Herein, we demonstrate that 50 μM CFP induces invasion in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, 0.05 and 50 μM CPF increases migration in both cell lines. In MCF-7 cells, 0.05 and 50 μM CPF increase the metalloprotease MMP2 expression and decrease E-Cadherin and β-Catenin expression diminishing their membrane location. Furthermore, 50 μM CPF induces Vimentin expression and Slug nuclear translocation in MCF-7 cells. 0.05 and 50 μM CPF increase MMP2 gelatinolytic activity and expression, decrease β-Catenin expression and increase Vimentin expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Inhibition of the oncoprotein c-Src reverses all the effects induced by CPF in MDA-MB-231 but not in MCF-7 indicating that c-Src is a kinase with a crucial role in the cells which grow in an estrogen-independent way. In MCF-7 cells both c-Src and estrogen receptor alpha must be blocked to completly inhibit the CPF-mediated effects. Our results show for the first time that the exposure to subthreshold concentrations of CPF promotes the modulation of EMT-molecular markers and pathways. These results, together with the ubiquitous distribution of the pesticide CPF, make it of utmost importance to take measures to minimize the risk of exposure to this compound.Reproductive functions may be affected by internal and external factors that are integrated in the central nervous system (CNS). Stressful stimuli induce the neuroendocrine response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as the synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AL) in the brain. This study tested the hypothesis that centrally administered AL could affect the expression of certain genes involved in reproductive functions at the hypothalamus and pituitary levels, as well as pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in sheep under both natural and stressful conditions. Luteal-phase sheep (n = 24) were subjected to a three-day (day 12-14 of the estrous cycle) series of control or AL (4 × 15 μg/60 μL/30 min, at 30 min intervals) infusions into the third ventricle. Acute stressful stimuli (isolation from other sheep and partial movement restriction) were used in the third day of infusion. Stressful stimuli reduced kisspeptin-1 mRNA levels in both the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the preoptic area (POA), while pro-dynorphin (PDYN) mRNA level only in the MBH.
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