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Digitally-Compensated Wideband 60 Ghz Test-Bed for Power Amp Predistortion Experiments.
001), although plantar flexion ROM did not change significantly between PRE and POST (PRE 40.0° [6.1°], POST 41.1° [4.9°]). There was no significant difference in muscle hardness and fascicle length between PRE and POST in any of the angles. CONCLUSIONS Dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly by the FR intervention in the present study; however, muscle hardness and fascicle length did not change. FR may affect not only the muscle but also the fascia, tendon, and muscle-tendon unit. The FR protocol of the present study can be applied in clinical situations, because it was found to be effective to increase ROM.BACKGROUND North American indigenous populations experience higher rates of obesity and chronic disease compared with nonindigenous populations. Improvements in musculoskeletal fitness can mitigate negative health outcomes, but is not well understood among indigenous populations. This review examines musculoskeletal fitness measures among North American indigenous populations. METHODS A total of 1632 citations were evaluated and 18 studies were included. RESULTS Comparisons of musculoskeletal fitness measures between North American indigenous men and boys and women and girls were generally not reported. The greatest left and right combined maximal grip strength and maximal leg strength among Inuit boys and men and girls and women were observed among 20-29 years age group. Maximal combined right and left grip strength declined from 1970 to 1990, by an average of 15% among adults and 10% among youth. Maximal leg extension among Inuit has declined even further, averaging 38% among adults and 27% among youth from 1970 to 1990. Inuit men demonstrate greater grip strength and lower leg strength than Russian indigenous men, whereas Inuit women demonstrate greater leg strength. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to better understand physical fitness among indigenous peoples and the potential for improving health and reducing chronic disease risk for indigenous peoples through physical fitness.BACKGROUND The Move Your Way campaign, developed by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, aims to improve Americans' adherence to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. This article describes the research that informed the campaign's products, messaging, and strategy. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was used to understand participants' preferences for physical activity messages and information seeking. Two rounds (round 1 [n = 95] and round 2 [n = 73]) of focus groups and an online survey (n = 2050) were conducted with adult physical activity contemplators. Selleckchem BTK inhibitor A third round (n = 84) of focus groups was conducted with children, teens, and parents of young children. RESULTS Adults, parents, teens, and children preferred messages that reflected diverse examples of activities; most participants disliked "one-size-fits-all" recommendations. Adults and parents preferred messages that emphasized specific health benefits over generic messages about overall health. Although some participants preferred getting physical activity information from digital search tools and social media platforms, many preferred getting this information from family members and friends. CONCLUSION The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion translated these findings into 3 themes used for Move Your Way implementation (1) leverage social and community connections, (2) emphasize representation through inclusion and diversity, and (3) customize physical activity recommendations to make them more achievable.CONTEXT The deep squat (DS) test is a component of the functional movement screen, which is used to assess the quality of fundamental movement patterns; however, the accuracy of the DS has not been studied. The DS is a complex, total body movement pattern with evaluation required at several points along the kinematic chain. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of DS scoring by an athletic trainer, physical therapist, and exercise science professional via a comparative analysis with kinematic data (KD) and to identify scoring criteria that would improve agreement between raters and KD scores. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Motion analysis laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A rater from each of 3 movement science disciplines rated the DS of 23 male college athletes (20.3 [1.2] y; 70.5 [3.5] kg). INTERVENTIONS Subjects were outfitted with reflective markers and asked to perform the DS. The DS performance was scored by 3 raters and kinematic analysis. Subsequently, the optimal set of criteria that minimized the difference between mode rater score and KD was determined via a Nelder-Mead simplex optimization routine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using SPSS (version 23; IBM, Armonk, NY) to determine tester agreement with the KD score and between the mode score and KD score. RESULTS Agreement was poor for the athletic trainer (ICC = .387), physical therapist (ICC = .298), exercise science professional (ICC = .378), and raters' DS scores when compared with the KD. Agreement was poor for the mode score when compared with KD prior to optimization and good following optimization (ICC = .830), thereby allowing identification of specific scoring errors. CONCLUSIONS Agreement for DS scores is poor when compared with KD; however, it may be improved with optimization of DS scoring criteria.Measuring in vivo changes in the drug metabolizing activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is critical to understanding and assessing drug-drug, drug-diet and drug-disease interactions. The sensitivity and specificity of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) makes it an ideal tool for analyzing drugs and their metabolites in biological matrices, and has demonstrated utility in CYP phenotyping across varied applications. Published CYP phenotyping cocktail assays often require large plasma sample volumes (0.5-1 mL), have relatively low sensitivity and multi-step complex sample preparation and extraction procedures. Further, variability exists in the way that recovery and matrix effects are investigated and reported, and some studies fail to report these data altogether. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop, validate and optimize a simplified assay for the probe drugs caffeine (metabolized by CYP1A2), omeprazole (CYP2C19), losartan (CYP2C9), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), midazolam (CYP3A4) and their respective enzyme-specific metabolites in small volumes (100 μL) of human plasma, that addresses the issues noted.
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