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Enhancing safety associated with robot main hepatectomy with extrahepatic inflow management and laparoscopic CUSA parenchymal transection: technical information along with preliminary expertise.
To investigate the brain MRI features in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and its clinical relevance in a large multi-center cohort in China.

270 NMOSD patients were recruited from seven centers. The brain MRI were classified as normal, NMOSD-specific lesions, multiple sclerosis-like, nonspecific white matter changes. Brain volumes including whole brain, white, gray matter, cortex and subcortex gray matter volume were measured. The relationship between MRI measures, clinical disability and cognitive impairment were investigated.

98 patients (36.3%) had normal brain MRI; 48 patients (17.7%) had NMOSD-specific lesions located in dorsal brainstem, corticospinal tract corpus, callosum and periependymal lesions surrounding the ventricular system; 16 patients (6%) had multiple sclerosis-like lesions; and 108 patients (40%) had nonspecific white matter changes. NMOSD patients with brain lesions had a trend of lower subcortex gray matter volume compared to patients without lesions. 52.5% patients with normal brain MRI and 50.8% patients with abnormal brain MRI showed cognitive impairment. No significant differences were identified in brain volume between cognitive impairment and cognitive preserved groups.

In this large multicenter NMOSD cohort, nonspecific white matter changes were the most common findings (40%). NMOSD patients with brain lesions demonstrated a trend of having lower brain volume than patients without lesions. Approximately 50% NMOSD patients presented cognitive impairment independent of brain lesions.
In this large multicenter NMOSD cohort, nonspecific white matter changes were the most common findings (40%). NMOSD patients with brain lesions demonstrated a trend of having lower brain volume than patients without lesions. Approximately 50% NMOSD patients presented cognitive impairment independent of brain lesions.In plants, glucose (Glc) plays pivotal roles in development and stress responses mainly by supplying fuel for growth and regulating expression of genes essential for crosstalk with hormonal, oxidative, and defense signaling. However, the complicated relationship between Glc and plant hormones is still not very clear. In this study, gsm3 (glucose-sensitive mutant 3), an Arabidopsis mutant with Glc-sensitive phenotype, was identified. Compared to wild type, the cotyledon expansion rate of gsm3 was significantly decreased under the condition of 4.5% Glc. Fluridone was able to rescue the Glc-induced defects of gsm3 in cotyledon expansion. AAO3 and ABI4 are key genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling transduction, respectively. We found that inactivation of AAO3 or ABI4 in gsm3 background led to reduced sensitivity to Glc. These results indicated that increased ABA synthesis resulted in the sensitivity of gsm3 to Glc. Moreover, our results indicated that gsm3 mutant accumulated more ROS, which made it more sensitive to the application of exogenous H2O2. Overall, GSM3 plays an important role in Glc-ABA signaling cascade during seed germination and early seedling growth.
Children with achondroplasia are predisposed to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), however little is known regarding surgical interventions and outcomes for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of OSA in children with achondroplasia and report outcomes of surgical interventions using polysomnography (PSG) parameters.

Retrospective chart review of children with achondroplasia with documented OSA from 2002 to 2018 that had pre- and post-operative PSG results. Additional data extracted included age, gender, and type of surgical interventions. The primary outcome was change in postoperative obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI).

Twenty-two children with achondroplasia were identified that underwent formal PSG before and after confirmed OSA. The median age was 12 months (range 4 days-15.3 years, IQR 2 years) at time of initial PSG evaluation. The majority (72.7%) of patients had severe OSA with a median preoperative OAHI of 14.25 (IQR 9.4). The most common surgical intervention was adenotonsillectomy (n=15). Multilevel surgical intervention was required in 9 (41.0%) patients. Post-operatively, 16 (72.7%) children experienced a reduction in OAHI, of which four (18.2%) had complete OSA resolution. OAHI scores increased in six (27.3%) children. Patients with the most severe OSA at baseline had greater improvements in post-operative OAHI (P<0.01). Neither type nor number of surgical interventions was associated with improved outcomes (P=0.51, P=0.89 respectively).

Treatment of OSA in children with achondroplasia remains challenging. Although reduction of OAHI is possible, caregivers should be counseled about the likelihood of persistent OSA and the potential for multilevel airway surgery.
Treatment of OSA in children with achondroplasia remains challenging. Although reduction of OAHI is possible, caregivers should be counseled about the likelihood of persistent OSA and the potential for multilevel airway surgery.Use of carbon dots (CDs) combined with radio frequency (RF) was applied to pasteurize and reduce the microorganism population in order to improve the quality of boiled gansi dish. CDs were prepared from banana using hydrothermal method, and characterized by using TEM, XRD and FTIR. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test showed CDs can efficiently inactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). This study also evaluated the effectiveness of five treatments, including CDs alone, CDs combined RF (CDRF) heating for different time (8 min, 12 min, and 16 min), and high pressure steam (HPS) sterilization of boiled gansi dish inoculated with B. subtilis. After CDRF treated for 8 min, 12 min, and 16 min, the center temperature of samples reached to 78.92, 87.77 and 93.82 °C, and the colony forming units (CFU) of B. H2DCFDA purchase subtilis reduced by 2.13, 3.62, and 4.63 log, respectively. Samples with CDRF12 treatment, exhibited better product quality as evidenced by reduced loss of texture, flavor, and sensory as compared with HPS sample. The results indicated that CDRF treatment has a great potential to produce packaged boiled gansi dish with high product quality.
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