Notes

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044). In subgroup analyses, we identified that rs3746444 SNP in mir-499 increased the risk of GC in Asians and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) subgroups. No significant bias of selection was found (all P>0.1). Test of sensitivity analysis indicated that our findings were stable. Additionally, we found that the power value was 0.891 in the allele model, suggesting the reliability of our findings. In summary, our analysis confirmed the association between rs3746444 and the risk of GC, especially in Asians and in patients with GCA.
Current consensus recommendations define small bowel strictures (SBS) in Crohn's disease (CD) on imaging as luminal narrowing with unequivocal upstream bowel dilation. The aim of this study was to 1) evaluate the performance of cross-sectional imaging for SBS diagnosis in CD using luminal narrowing with upstream SB dilation and luminal narrowing with or without upstream dilation, and 2) compare the diagnostic performance of CT and MR enterography (MRE) for SBS diagnosis.

One hundred and eleven CD patients (81 with pathologically confirmed SBS, 30 controls) who underwent CT and/or MRE were assessed. Two radiologists (R1, R2) blinded to pathology findings independently assessed the presence of luminal narrowing and upstream SB dilation. Statistical analysis was performed for a) luminal narrowing with or without SB upstream dilation ("possible SBS"), b) luminal narrowing with upstream SB dilation ≥3cm ("definite SBS").

Sensitivity for detecting SBS was significantly higher using "possible SBS" (R1, 82.1%; R2, 77.9%) compared to "definite SBS" (R1, 62.1%; R2, 65.3%; p<0.0001) with equivalent specificity (R1, 96.7%; R2, 93.3%; p>0.9). Orlistat cell line Using criterion "possible SBS", sensitivity/specificity were equivalent between CT (R1, 87.3%/93.3%; R2, 83.6%/86.7%) and MRE (R1, 75.0%/100%; R2 70.0%/100%). Using criterion "definite SBS", CT showed significantly higher sensitivity (78.2%) compared to MRE (40.0%) for R1 but not R2 with similar specificities (CT, 86.7%-93.3%; MRE, 100%).

SBS can be diagnosed using luminal narrowing alone without the need for upstream dilation. CT and MRE show similar diagnostic performance for SBS diagnosis using luminal narrowing with or without upstream dilation.
SBS can be diagnosed using luminal narrowing alone without the need for upstream dilation. CT and MRE show similar diagnostic performance for SBS diagnosis using luminal narrowing with or without upstream dilation.
Memory impairment occurs in both HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods are needed to distinguish aMCI-associated from HAND-associated impairment in people with HIV (PWH). We developed a neuropsychological method of identifying aMCI in PWH and tested this method by relating AD neuropathology (β-amyloid, phospho-Tau) to aMCI versus HAND classification.

Seventy-four HIV+ cases (age 50-68) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium had neurocognitive data within one-year of death and had data on β-amyloid and phospho-Tau pathology in frontal brain tissue. High aMCI risk was defined as impairment (<1.0 SD below normative mean) on two of four delayed recall or recognition outcomes from a verbal and non-verbal memory test (at-least one recognition impairment required). Differences in β-amyloid and phospho-Tau by aMCI and HAND classification were examined.

High aMCI risk classification was more common in the HAND (69.0%) versus no HAND (37.5%) group. β-amyloid pathology was 4.75 times more likely in the high versus low aMCI risk group. Phospho-Tau pathology did not differ between aMCI groups. Neither neuropathological feature differed by HAND status.

amnestic mild cognitive impairment criteria that include recognition impairment may help to detect AD-like cognitive/biomarker profiles among PWH.
amnestic mild cognitive impairment criteria that include recognition impairment may help to detect AD-like cognitive/biomarker profiles among PWH.The functional and numerical responses of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) were assessed over 30 sequential generations (G) on different densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 fifth-instar larvae) of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). Seven tested generations (G2inf, G4inf, G6inf, G8inf, G10inf, G15inf, and G30inf) had already been naturally infected by a fungus species, whereas only the second generation (G2) had the colonies of both infected (G2inf) and uninfected (G2uninf) individuals. All infected generations, as well as the uninfected generation, showed a Type III functional response. A high variation was found in the handling times (Th) of the parasitoid through 30 sequential generations, and G10inf had the longest handling time. The shortest handling time and the maximum estimated attack rate (T/Th) were observed in G2inf. No significant difference in terms of the number of parasitized hosts was found among all infected generations, as well as between G2inf and G2uninf. Although the handling times in G2inf and G2uninf were close to each other, the attack coefficient of G2uninf was more than that of G2inf. The attack coefficient and handling time of infected generations increased from G2inf to G10inf and then decreased in the higher generations. The most plausible parameters of functional response of infected generations were observed in Ginf. A negative relationship between eggs laid and host densities was observed in the infected generations (G2inf, G4inf, G6inf, G8inf, and G10inf). G2uninf and, among infected generations, Ginf were the best generations for practical utilization in inundative release programs.
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been proposed as a weight-loss strategy with additional cardiometabolic benefits in individuals with obesity. Despite its growing popularity, the effect of IF in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the metabolic impact of IF compared to standard diet in patients with T2DM.

Embase, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov between 1950 and August 12, 2020 were searched for randomized, diet-controlled studies evaluating any IF intervention in adults with T2DM. We examined the impact of IF on weight loss and glucose-lowering by calculating pooled estimates of the absolute differences in body weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to a control group using a random-effects model.

Seven studies (n = 338 participants; mean body mass index [BMI] 35.65, mean baseline HbA1c 8.8%) met our inclusion criteria. IF induced a greater decrease in body weight by -1.89 kg (95% CI, -2.91 to -0.86 kg) compared to a regular diet, with no significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 21.
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