Notes

Association regarding medical professional specialized using psoriatic osteo-arthritis therapy and costs.
Cryptosporidium parasites are ubiquitous and can infect a broad range of vertebrates and are considered the most frequent protozoa associated with waterborne parasitic outbreaks. The intestine is the target of three of the species most frequently found in humans C. hominis, C. parvum, and. C. meleagridis. Despite the recent advance in genome sequencing projects for this apicomplexan, a broad genomic comparison including the three species most prevalent in humans have not been published so far. In this work, we downloaded raw NGS data, assembled it under normalized conditions, and compared 23 publicly available genomes of C. hominis, C. parvum, and C. meleagridis. Although few genomes showed highly fragmented assemblies, most of them had less than 500 scaffolds and mean coverage that ranged between 35X and 511X. Synonymous single nucleotide variants were the most common in C. hominis and C. meleagridis, while in C. parvum, they accounted for around 50% of the SNV observed. Furthermore, deleterious nucleotide substitutions common to all three species were more common in genes associated with DNA repair, recombination, and chromosome-associated proteins. Indel events were observed in the 23 studied isolates that spanned up to 500 bases. The highest number of deletions was observed in C. meleagridis, followed by C. hominis, with more than 60 species-specific deletions found in some isolates of these two species. Although several genes with indel events have been partially annotated, most of them remain to encode uncharacterized proteins.
Systemic inflammation and nutritional status both play roles in the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on the survival of patients with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer.

A total of 142 patients diagnosed with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer between 2008 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients received primary treatment with definite concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Optimal cutoff values for PNI and LMR were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves for survival prediction. Survival rates for different level of PNI and LMR were estimated and compared using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to see if there were significant effects on these end points, including 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. The effects of PNI and LMR on survival were assessed using Cox regression model adjusted for other prognostic factors.

The results showed the optimal cutoff values for PNI and LMR were 50.5 and 4.45, respectively. A high PNI (≧50.5) was significantly improved the 5-year OS. A low LMR (<4.45) was significantly associated with a poor 5-year DFS, DSS, and OS. In multivariate analysis, both PNI and LMR were independent prognosticators for 5-year OS.

Elevated pretreatment PNI and LMR are both favorable prognosticators in advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing CCRT.
Elevated pretreatment PNI and LMR are both favorable prognosticators in advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing CCRT.
ARID1A is a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. It functions as a tumor suppressor and several therapeutic targets in
-mutated cancers are currently under development, including EZH2. A synthetic lethal relationship between ARID1A and EZH2 has been revealed in several tumor entities. Although genomic alterations of
have been described in various cancers, no study has examined correlations between
gene mutation and protein expression with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis, particularly in liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA). Here, we investigated the clinical significance of
mutations and protein expression in CCA tissues and determined whether there is a correlation with EZH2 protein expression.

We evaluated ARID1A and EZH2 immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry in 98 Ov-CCA with a wide range of clinicopathological features. Somatic mutations of
were analyzed using the ICGC sequencing data in 489 of Ov and non Ov-CCA and assessed prognostic values.

with EZH2 expression in this cohort.

We found that
inactivation, by somatic mutation or by loss of expression, frequently occurs in Ov-CCA. Bucladesine Reduction of ARID1A expression and/or somatic mutation was shown to be associated with CCA progression. These findings suggest that ARID1A may serve as a prognostic biomarker, and thus may be a promising therapeutic target for CCA.
We found that ARID1A inactivation, by somatic mutation or by loss of expression, frequently occurs in Ov-CCA. Reduction of ARID1A expression and/or somatic mutation was shown to be associated with CCA progression. These findings suggest that ARID1A may serve as a prognostic biomarker, and thus may be a promising therapeutic target for CCA.
As an important class of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, proteins containing homologous E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domains are crucial for growth, development, metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. However, little is known about
genes in wheat (
L.), one of the most important global crops.

Using a genome-wide analysis of high-quality wheat genome sequences, we identified 25
genes classified into six groups based on the phylogenetic relationship among wheat, rice, and
.

The predicted
genes were distributed evenly in 17 of 21 chromosomes of the three wheat subgenomes. Twenty-one of these genes were hypothesized to be segmental duplication genes, indicating that segmental duplication was significantly associated with the expansion of the wheat
gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of the segmental duplication of these genes were less than 1, suggesting purifying selection within the gene family. The expression profile analysis revealed that the 25 wheat
genes were differentially expressed in 15 tissues, and genes in Group II, IV, and VI (
,
,
) were highly expressed in roots, stems, and spikes. This study contributes to further the functional analysis of the
gene family in wheat.
The predicted HECT genes were distributed evenly in 17 of 21 chromosomes of the three wheat subgenomes. Twenty-one of these genes were hypothesized to be segmental duplication genes, indicating that segmental duplication was significantly associated with the expansion of the wheat HECT gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of the segmental duplication of these genes were less than 1, suggesting purifying selection within the gene family. The expression profile analysis revealed that the 25 wheat HECT genes were differentially expressed in 15 tissues, and genes in Group II, IV, and VI (UPL8, UPL6, UPL3) were highly expressed in roots, stems, and spikes. This study contributes to further the functional analysis of the HECT gene family in wheat.
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