Notes

Salivary cortisol like a non-invasive approach to determine strain inside dystocic milk calf muscles.
Intraoperative and postoperative mean blood pressure, heart rate and postoperative visual analogue scale for pain were assessed.

Total mean morphine consumption was significantly lower in the ketamine group than in the control group (26±3.5 mg vs. 34.7±3.3 mg, respectively, p<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences between the groups regarding haemodynamics, postoperative pain score and complications.

The use of ketamine in low infusion doses intraoperatively during an elective myomectomy procedure produced an opioid-sparing effect by reducing perioperative morphine consumption without significant side effects.
The use of ketamine in low infusion doses intraoperatively during an elective myomectomy procedure produced an opioid-sparing effect by reducing perioperative morphine consumption without significant side effects.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different doses of remifentanil to propofol treatment compared with propofol alone with regard to parameters, including the seizure duration, haemodynamic changes and recovery time, in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

This study was designed as a self-controlled, prospective, double-blind investigation of 17 patients between the ages of 20 and 65 years who had planned treatment with ECT at a psychiatric clinic. Group P (propofol) was administered 10 mL of normal saline after 0.5 mg kg
intravenous (IV) bolus of propofol. Group R I (propofol plus remifentanil-1) was administered 1.5 μg kg
of remifentanil, and group R II (propofol plus remifentanil-2) was given 2 μg kg
of remifentanil after 0.5 mg kg
IV bolus of propofol. The haemodynamic variables after seizure and the seizure duration were recorded. Time to return to spontaneous respiration, eye opening and achieving Aldrete score >9 were recorded.

The electroencephalography seizure duration was significantly longer in groups R I (34.7±13 s) and R II (34.9±12) than in group P (24±7.5). Motor seizure duration was longer in groups R I (29.70±12.8) and R II (28.1±10) than in group P (21±7.3). JW74 The amount of total propofol was 121±21 mg in group P, 69.4±2 mg in group R I and 67±17 mg in group R II. Times to eye opening, following simple commands, and achieving Aldrete score >9 were significantly shorter in groups R I and R II than in group P.

ECT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with psychiatric disorders. Propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia prolongs the seizure duration and shortens the recovery time, suggesting that this combination may particularly be well suited for use in this patient group.
ECT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with psychiatric disorders. Propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia prolongs the seizure duration and shortens the recovery time, suggesting that this combination may particularly be well suited for use in this patient group.
Flexible fibreoptic intubation is challenging in paediatric patients. Very few studies have compared fibreoptic intubation via oral and nasal routes in children. We hypothesised that the total time to a successful fibreoptic-guided tracheal intubation would be faster through the nasal route when compared to the oral route.

Sixty children aged 6-12 years were randomised to receive fibreoptic tracheal intubation through oral (group FOI) or nasal route (group FNI). We measured the time to glottic view and total time to successful tracheal intubation. The number of attempts needed, first attempt and overall success rate, external manoeuvres needed to obtain an adequate laryngeal view, subjective assessment of ease of intubation and complications, if any, were also recorded.

The time to glottic view (76.26±.7 s vs. 46.33±16.9 s; p=0.001) and total intubation time (4.55±1.07 min vs. 3.05±0.60 min; p<0.0001) were significantly higher in the FOI group as compared to the FNI group. An overall success rate was 100% in the FNI group and 96.6% in the FOI group. The haemodynamic parameters (mean heart rate and blood pressures) changes were comparable in the two groups at all time intervals. The subjective assessment of ease of intubation was comparable in the two groups (p=0.21). Complications were minor and self-limiting.

Intubation guided by a nasal flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope is easier and faster when compared to oral intubation in children aged 6-12 years with normal airway, and it should be preferred for intubation in children requiring fibreoptic intubation.
Intubation guided by a nasal flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope is easier and faster when compared to oral intubation in children aged 6-12 years with normal airway, and it should be preferred for intubation in children requiring fibreoptic intubation.
Globally, previously determined teams activated by 'code blue' calls target rapid and organised responses to medical emergency situations. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) conditions in Turkey.

A web-based survey was sent to anaesthesiologists in Turkey via email. The survey included 36 questions about demographic features and 'code blue' practices and procedures.

A total of 180 participants were included. The mean working duration was 16.1±7.5 years. Of the anaesthesiologists who participated, 35% worked in university, 26.1% in education and research, 1.7% in city hospitals, 18.9% in state hospitals and 18.3% in private hospitals; 68.3% had CPR certification. There were code blue systems in 97.6% of the organisations. For code blue calls, 71.9% were activated by calling '2222'. There were 41.5% organisations with code blue teams of 3-4 people, whereas 26.7% had 2-member teams. Among call responders, 68.5% were anaesthesia technicians/paramedics, 60.7% were anaesthesiac arrest, a chain of preventive measures should be established, including personnel training, monitoring of patients, recognition of patient deterioration, the presence of a call for help system and effective intervention.
In anemic patients undergoing surgery, there is an increase in the requirement of blood transfusion, longer hospital stay and higher intensive care unit adimission. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iv iron treatment before elective obstetric or gynecological operations retrospectively.

After obtaining approval of ethics committee, records of 5688 patients underwent either obstetric or gynecological surgery between January 1st of 2016 to December 31st of 2018 were documented retrospectively and 241 anemic cases were identified. Eighty-one anemic patients who did not receive any iv iron treatment preoperatively were excluded and 160 cases treated with either iv iron (either sucrose or ferric carboxy maltose) were included. The laboratory results including haemoglobin (Hb), MCV,MCH and serum iron binding capacities, ferritin, iron and transferrin levels were documented before (preoperative) and after iv iron treatment (postoperative 10
day) were collected from files. Difference between preoperative and postoperative Hb, MCV, MCH, TIBC, serum ferritin, iron and transferrin levels of these cases were determined.
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