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This study shows that ACE is an excellent tracer for evaluating sewer exfiltration to groundwater. In addition, it is important to obtain data on sewage tracers under normal condition as part of preparations for large-scale earthquakes.Groundwater plays an important role in the economic development of the Chaco-Pampean Plain (Argentina), where industry, agriculture and cattle farming are the main economic activities. The 66% of the country's population lives in this area. The low slopes of this region condition the water movement and the occurrence of physical and chemical processes. The aim of this work is to update the hydrological conceptual model of the Del Azul Creek basin (Buenos Aires Province), a sub-humid and continental plain, using environmental tracers. In total, the study was based on the analysis of 201 samples (stable isotopes) and 184 samples (chemical data) including rainwater, surface water and groundwater. The temporal and spatial variation in the isotopic composition of rainfall and the hydrological physical-processes, evaporation, surface water-groundwater interaction and recharge were studied. Isotopic compositions of rainfall revealed a seasonal variation across the basin. Low δ18O rainfalls occur during the coldest seasons, while high δ18O rainfalls occur during the warmest seasons. The isotopic compositions of rainfall varied only during the cold period in the upper basin. At this time, the lowest δ18O rainfall fell in the upper basin, while in the other areas and during the warmer seasons, no differences were observed. Evaporation was a relevant process in the flatter area of the basin, mainly during the warmest seasons. Samples taken from the wetlands and from the lower section of the Del Azul Creek were strongly evaporated. In the first 30 m depth of the aquifer, groundwater reflected the isotopic composition of rainfall from the warmest seasons, thus revealing seasonal preferential recharge and a good hydraulic connection. This study provides direct evidence showing that both evaporation and the surface water-groundwater interaction are processes that play a key role in the control of the isotopic and chemical composition of water.Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, sediments in the water body are considered as the sink of microplastics, but its accumulation and change trend have received little attention. We assessed the concentrations of microplastics in sediment samples collected in Wuliangsuhai Lake. The abundance of microplastics (0-6 cm) in surface sediment ranged from 16.5 to 72.4 particles 100 g-1 dry weight. The results show that the abundance, type and size of microplastics in surface sediment of different functional areas are different. Four sampling points were selected to investigate the vertical distribution of microplastics. The abundance of microplastics exhibited a clear decreasing trend with increased sediment depth, the abundance of microplastics in deep sediments is much less. This result shows that when estimating the storage of microplastics in sediments, if only considered the surface sediments, the assessment of microplastic storage worldwide might be underestimated.In this work, the effect of the preheated biogas-air mixture in a biogas-diesel dual fuel CI engine was evaluated. The intake biogas-air mixture was heated by engine exhaust gas using a double pipe heat exchanger. A single-cylinder, air-cooled CI engine was modified to run in dual fuel mode. The research was carried out at various biogas-air mixture intake temperatures ranging from 55 ± 5 °C to 85 ± 5 °C under different loading conditions. The obtained results were compared for the diesel mode and non-preheated biogas-diesel dual fuel mode. The results revealed that the brake power and the brake thermal efficiency were found to be 6.5% and 51.4% enhanced by raising the intake temperature compared to the non-preheated biogas-air mixture. Moreover, preheating the inlet biogas-air mixture reduced 40.5% of the brake specific biogas consumption and 7.25% of brake specific diesel consumption. On contrary, CO2 and NOx emissions for preheated BAM increased by 12.6% and 11.73%, respectively, compared to non-preheated BAM. Preheating the inlet biogas-air mixture reduced HC and CH4 emissions. The preheated biogas-air mixture at 75 ± 5 °C gave the optimum performance characteristics. The promising experimental results would help to develop biogas-diesel operated dual fuel engine.Methane gas is widespread in natural environments and anaerobic wastewater treatment sites, bringing the risk of the greenhouse effect and energy loss if left unmanaged. A methane-fueled microbial fuel cell (MFC) can convert methane to electricity under mild condition, but faced difficulties in startup. In this study, the new startup strategy and operation performance for methane-fueled MFCs were investigated. After the pre-cultivation of formate-acclimating electroactive culture, the methane-fueled MFC was successfully started up in a short time of 53 d. Increasing concentrations of molybdenum and tungsten in medium facilitated both methane consumption and electricity generation. Under the optimal condition (batch duration of 11 h, 30 °C, pH 7 buffered by phosphate buffer solution), the methane-fueled MFC achieved the maximum power density of 166 mW/m3, a coulomb production of 6.58 ± 0.07C/batch, a CE of 27.4 ± 0.4% and a methane consumption of 31.2 ± 0.3 μmol/batch. This work explored a suitable inoculum (formate-acclimating electroactive culture) for methane-fueled MFCs.Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in paddy soil and accumulation in rice plants and grains have got global concern due to its health effects. This review highlights the effects of soil factors including soil organic matter, soil pH, redox potential, and soil microbes which influencing Cd uptake by rice plant. Therefore, a comprehensive review of innovative and environmentally friendly management practices for managing Cd stress in rice is lacking. Thus, this review discusses the effect of Cd toxicity in rice and describes management strategies to offset its effects. Fimepinostat cell line Moreover, future research thrusts to reduce its uptake by rice has also been highlighted. Through phytoremediation, Cd may be extracted and stabilized in the soil while through microbes Cd can be sequestrated inside the microbial bodies. Increased Cd uptake in hyperaccumulator plants to remediate and convert the toxic form of Cd into non-toxic forms. While in chemical remediation, Cd can be washed out, immobilized and stabilized in the soil through chemical amendments.
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