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1st Report of your Ceratocystis manginecans Leading to Fast Drop of Psidium guajava throughout Pakistan.
1 H NMR binding titrations indicate the interlocked dicationic receptor is capable of chloride recognition even in competitive 30% aqueous mixtures. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The alkaline earth metals (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) exhibit a +2 oxidation state in nearly all known stable compounds, but M(I) dimeric complexes with M-M bonding, [M 2 (en) 2 ] 2+ , (en = ethylenediamine) of all these metals can be stabilized within the galleries of donor-type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). These metals can also form GICs with more conventional metal (II) ion complexes, [M(en) 2 ] 2+ . We report here facile interconversion be-tween dimeric-M(I) and monomeric-M(II) intercalates upon the addition/removal of en. Thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and pair distribution function analysis of total scattering data support the presence of either [M 2 (en) 2 ] 2+ or [M(en) 2 ] 2+ guests. This phase conversion requires coupling graphene and metal redox centers, with associated reversible M-M bond formation within graphene galleries. This chemistry allows the facile isolation of unusual oxidation states, reveals M 0 →M 2+ reaction pathways, and present new opportunities in the design of hybrid conversion / intercalation materials for applications such as charge-storage. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.When the objective is to administer the best of two treatments to an individual, it is necessary to know his or her individual treatment effects (ITEs) and the correlation between the potential responses (PRs) Y i 1 and Y i 0 under treatments 1 and 0. Data that are generated in a parallel-group design RCT does not allow the ITE to be determined because only two samples from the marginal distributions of these PRs are observed and not the corresponding joint distribution. This is due to the "fundamental problem of causal inference." Here, we present a counterfactual approach for estimating the joint distribution of two normally distributed responses to two treatments. This joint distribution of the PRs Y i 1 and Y i 0 can be estimated by assuming a bivariate normal distribution for the PRs and by using a normally distributed baseline biomarker Z i functionally related to the sum Y i 1 + Y i 0 . Such a functional relationship is plausible since a biomarker Z i and the sum Y i 1 + Y i 0 encode for the same information in an RCT, namely the variation between subjects. The estimation of the joint trivariate distribution is subjected to some constraints. These constraints can be framed in the context of linear regressions with regard to the proportions of variances in the responses explained and with regard to the residual variation. This presents new insights on the presence of treatment-biomarker interactions. We applied our approach to example data on exercise and heart rate and extended the approach to survival data. © 2020 The Authors. Biometrical Journal published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND For specific clinical indications, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) will induce disease prostate cancer (PC) regression, relieve symptoms and prolong survival; however, ADT has a well-described range of side effects, which may have a detrimental effect on the patient's quality of life, necessitating additional interventions or changes in PC treatment. The risk-benefit analysis for initiating ADT in PC patients throughout the PC disease continuum warrants review. METHODS A 14-member panel comprised of urologic and medical oncologists were chosen for an expert review panel, to provide guidance on a more judicious use of ADT in advanced PC patients. Panel members were chosen based upon their academic and community experience and expertise in the management of PC patients. Four academic members of the panel served as group leaders; the remaining eight panel members were from Large Urology Group Practice Association practices with proven experience in leading their advanced PC clinics. The panel membebinatorial therapeutic strategies with ADT continue to emerge. Sodiumsuccinate © 2020 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Smartphone use changes the landscape of social interactions, including introducing new social dilemmas to daily life. The challenge of putting down one's smartphone is an example of a classic coordination problem from game theory the stag hunt game. In a stag hunt game, there are two possible coordination points, one that involves big payoffs for both partners (e.g., working together to hunt large game like stag) and one that involves smaller payoffs for both partners (e.g., individually hunting small game like rabbits) but is safer because it does not require that your partner choose that option as well. This is similar to the challenges of putting down smartphones to have a face-to-face interaction you and your interaction partner might both prefer the higher payoff option of having a face-to-face interaction, but neither of you wants to put down your phone and risk not having anything to do in the meantime. It is also discussed how new technological innovations are changing the payoffs of face-to-face conversation versus side-by-side smartphone scrolling. Insights that come from applying game theory to this "social media dilemma" are discussed here and potential solutions that come out of a game theoretic analysis are offered. Also see the video abstract here https//youtu.be/9esL578zM-E. © 2020 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVES To test hypothetical models relating caregivers' social status, knowledge, and self-efficacy to caregiver/child (C/C) oral health-related outcomes. METHODS One hundred fifty C/C pairs participated (recruitment = 87.7 percent). Three C/C outcomes were clinically assessed "Oral self-care"; "Functional dentitions"; and "Dental treatment needs." Information about caregiver (CG) social status, knowledge, and self-efficacy was also gathered. Structural equation modeling tested measurement models (MMs) for CG social status, CG knowledge, and CG self-efficacy. The structural models (SMs) hypothesized causal paths among CG social status, CG knowledge, CG self-efficacy, and C/C oral health outcomes. RESULTS All three MMs had a good overall fit (nonsignificant χ2 estimates, Goodness of Fit Index >0.95, Normed Fit Index ~ >0.95, Confirmatory Fit Index >95, Root Mean Square Error Approximation less then 0.05). For the SMs, the best overall fit was for "Functional dentitions," while SMs for "Oral self-care," and "Dental treatment needs" required revisions.
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