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Packard (1873) described Menopon picicola as a new species, based on ten lice taken from two species of woodpeckers of the genus Picoides-P. arcticus (Swainson, 1832) and P. dorsalis Baird, 1858-collected in Wyoming, U.S.A. in August 1872. Considering that (1) Packard (1873) neither designated a holotype nor a single type host, (2) his type material is most likely lost, and (3) no additional lice from either of those two species of Picoides have been reported in the literature, the taxonomic status of Menopon picicola has not been confirmed.Nothobranchius elucens, new species, from a seasonal habitat in the Aringa system of the Achwa River in the upper Nile drainage in northern Uganda, is described. It belongs to the N. rubroreticulatus species group, whose members are characterised by male coloration of anal and caudal fins with slender light blue subdistal band and slender dark distal band. Nothobranchius elucens is distinguished from all other members of the genus by the following characters in males body colouration golden-grey with brown scale margins creating irregular vertical stripes on trunk; anal fin yellow with brown spots proximally, with slender brown median band, followed by a slender light blue subdistal band and a slender black distal band; caudal fin brown proximally and medially, followed by a slender light blue subdistal band and a slender black distal band; dorsal fin golden with irregular brown stripes and narrow light blue subdistal band and with narrow black distal band. Furthermore, it differs from the closest known relative, N. taiti, also by the morphometric characters of having a smaller head length of 29.5-33.1 % SL; smaller prepectoral length of 31.2-33.9 % SL; greater head depth of 81-87 % HL; greater interorbital width of 43-49 % HL; and greater caudal peduncle length of 145-152 in % of its depth.A new species of Mauroniscus Bourgeois, 1911, Mauroniscus chilensis n. sp., from central Chile is described using external characters of the adult male and female including terminal segments of the abdomen and genitalia. The morphological differences of Mauroniscus chilensis n. sp. with M. maculatum Pic, 1927 are discussed.Two new species of the currently monotypic thiratoscirtine genera Ajaraneola Wesołowska Russell-Smith, 2011 and Nimbarus Rollard Wesołowska, 2002 are described from Uganda and Cameroon Ajaraneola pajakwandy sp. nov. (male) and Nimbarus nimbus sp. nov. (male), respectively. With the new species, previous diagnoses of the genera are re-evaluated and refined. The range of each genus is extended considerably Ajaraneola is reported from Uganda and Nimbarus from Cameroon for the first time.Calisto disjunctus hersheyi ssp. n. is described from western Cuba. Additionally, a dichotomous key including all described Cuban taxa of the herophile species group of Calisto is given together with illustrations of live specimens of most taxa.The specimens studied were collected with sweep net and pitfall in the forests, agro-forests, herbaceous fallows, and crop fields of 14 localities in the southern part of Cameroon, from August 2015 to February 2018. The results show that Heteracris hannai sp. nov. and Heteracris lecoqi sp. nov. differ from previously known species of the same genus by the pattern of coloration and the details or shape of the phallic complex. H. lecoqi sp. nov. is characterized by light brownish body; male cercus with flattened, downcurved and obtuse apex; lophus strongly curved; interlophal space with V shape; apodeme of cingulum bow, convergent, with V-shape; valve of cingulum in lateral view longer than apical valve of penis; ramus in ventral view joined. H. hannai sp. nov. is distinct to other species by brown to grey body; male cercus with apex rounded, curved inside; lophus curved; interlophal space with U-shape; apodeme of cingulum thick, slightly parallel, with U shape; valve of cingulum in lateral view hardly longer than apical valve of penis; ramus in ventral view opened. The characteristics of H. guineensis are closer to H. hannai sp. nov. than to H. lecoqi sp. nov. H. lecoqi sp. nov. was collected only in the fallows while H. hannai sp. nov. Linsitinib order was collected in the forests, agro-forests, fallows, and crop fields. Compared to H. guineensis, both new species are scarce in the natural vegetation and their distribution area is limited to two and four localities respectively for H. lecoqi sp. nov. and H. hannai sp. nov. All these three grasshopper's species were recorded as accidental species in all types of vegetation.Stenichnini of the Nearctic region include twelve genera, of which two are cosmopolitan, two Holarctic, and eight are known only in North America. Morphological structures and taxonomic placement of most of them have been subjects of recent studies, with exception of Brachycepsis Brendel and Taphroscydmus Casey. Because the depository of the type material of the type species of Brachycepsis, B. fuchsii Brendel, remains unknown, Brachycepsis is redescribed and its diagnosis is emended based on examination of B. pacifica Casey. Although similar to Stenichnus Thomson and Parascydmus Casey, Brachycepsis shows unique characters that justify its separate placement. The depository of the type material of the sole species included in Taphroscydmus also remains unknown, and no other specimens that can be unambiguously attributed to this genus are available. Comparisons of the original description and subsequent redescriptions by Mannerheim and Casey reveals that the latter authors might have dealt with misidentified specimens. The true identity of Taphroscydmus remains unclear (although it may be identical with Brachycepsis), and it is currently not possible to unambiguously identify this genus. All Nearctic genera of Stenichnini are briefly reviewed, with characters important for identification discussed. An identification key to Nearctic genera (excluding Taphroscydmus) is given.The present paper describes two new species of Plistobunus Pocock, 1903, from China Plistobunus gracilipenis sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, and P. weiguang sp. nov. from Guangxi Province. Their discovery greatly expands the distribution of this genus to the northwest and further inland in China.
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