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Overdue HIV testing and remedy looking for, and also associated support wants amid people coping with Aids in Malaysia: the qualitative research.
siveness, greater risk of biochemical failure, and higher scores with a molecular classifier (Decipher) test. These findings underscore the importance of reporting the types of pattern 4 and supports the argument that men with expansile cribriform likely require more aggressive management. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Here, molecular docking simulation was used to predict and compare interactions between a recombinant Trametes sp. C30 laccase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and four aflatoxins (AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , and AFG2 ) as well as their degradation at a molecular level. Proteasomal inhibitors The computational result of docking simulation indicates that each of the aflatoxins tested can interact with laccase with a binding ability of AFB1 >AFG2 >AFG1 >AFB2 . Simultaneously, it also demonstrated that aflatoxin B1 ， B2 ， G1 ， G2 may interact near the T1 copper center of the enzyme through H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues His481 and Asn288; His481； Asn288, and Asp230; His481 and Asn288. Biological degradation test was performed in vitro in the presence of a recombinant laccase. Degradation increased as incubation time increased from 12 to 60 hr and the maximum degradation obtained for AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , and AFG2 was 90.33%, 74.23%, 85.24%, and 87.58%, respectively. Maximum degradation of aflatoxins was determined with a total activity 3 U laccase at 30 °C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.7 after 48-hr incubation. The experimental results are consistent with that of docking calculation on the biological degradation test of four aflatoxins by laccase. PRACTICAL APPLICATION In this study, the degradation efficiencies of laccase for B and G series of aflatoxins were determined by computer simulation and verified by performing in vitro experiments. It can provide reference for rapid screening of aflatoxin degradation-related enzymes. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.Alterations of aroma properties and aroma-related attributes of sugarcane juice during thermal processing under different temperatures (90, 100, and 110 ℃) and treating time (10 s, 20 s, and 30 s) were assessed in this study. Changes in the volatility of aroma compounds were extremely complicated and respected to thermal processing conditions. Fructose, serine, and glutanic acid of sugarcane juice were increased at first and decreased at the end of treatment at high temperature. Phenolic compounds and PPO activity presented the decrease trends throughout the thermal treatment. The thermal processing of sugarcane juice could be roughly divided into three stages based on the cluster analysis of all the data in this study. Sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds might be important potential precursors of aroma deteriorating reactions. The comprehensive analysis of aroma relevant compounds and enzyme activities was beneficial for the investigation of degradation mechanism of aroma for sugarcane juice, and providing a theoretical basis for optimization of juice processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This study demonstrated the changing process of aroma quality and associated compounds in sugarcane juice during thermal processing. This could help to find out the reasons of aroma degradations in sugarcane juice and other thermal sensitive juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on the aroma quality control and parameter optimization during the processing of fruit and vegetable juice. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.RATIONALE The use of multi-isotopic analyses to trace beef is gaining wider acceptance, but there is still no uniform standard pretreatment method for stable isotope ratio determinations. Drying and defatting of meat samples are usually applied. Thus, a rapid sample preparation prrocedure is needed to provide a reference for the study of beef by stable isotope methods. METHODS A student's t-test (T-test) was used to determine significant differences between δ13 C and δ15 N values in traditional and rapid beef preparation. The δ13 C, δ15 N, δ2 H, and δ18 O values of beef samples from six countries were assayed by elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Stable isotope data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the δ13 C and δ15 N values between the two preparation approaches. A classification of satisfactory was obtained with the original-validation rate of 96.6% and the cross-validation rate of 95.9%. The PLS-DA model was correctly validated to differentiate the beef from six countries. CONCLUSIONS We describe a rapid sample preparation method for beef samples. A model combining stable isotope data and chemometric methods correctly assigned the origin of beef from different countries. The results demonstrated the successful utilization of rapid pretreatment methods to prepare beef samples when using multiple stable isotope analyses to trace beef from different countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Intense research efforts in electrochemical energy storage are being devoted to multivalent ion technologies in order to meet the growing demands for high energy and low-cost energy storage systems. However, the development of multivalent metal (such as Mg and Ca) based battery systems is hindered by lack of suitable cathode chemistries that show well reversible multi-electron redox reactions. Cationic redox centers in the classical cathodes could only afford stepwise single electron transfer, which we believe are not ideal for multivalent ion storage. The possible local charge balance issue would set additional kinetic barrier for ion mobility. Therefore, most of the multivalent battery cathodes only exhibit slope-like voltage profiles with insertion/extraction redox of less than one electron. To address this issue, we propose to activate anionic redox chemistry enabling multi-electron transfer in insertion cathodes for high-energy multivalent batteries. Taking VS 4 as a model material, reversible two-electron redox with synergetic cationic-anionic contribution has been verified in both rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) and rechargeable Ca batteries (RCBs).
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