Notes

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To study the correlation between absorbed perfused liver dose using Y90 radioembolization and degree of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) necrosis in liver explants in a multicenter cohort analysis METHODS A retrospective analysis of 45 HCC patients treated between 2014 and 2017 is presented. Inclusion criteria were treatment-naïve solitary HCC ≤ 8cm and Child-Pugh A liver status using the radiation segmentectomy approach. All patients underwent liver resection or transplantation (LT). Liver explants were examined per institutional routine protocols to assess histopathological viability of HCC. Tumor pathological necrosis was classified into complete (100% necrosis), extensive (> 50% and ≤ 99%) necrosis, and partial (< 50%) necrosis. Absorbed perfused liver doses were estimated using MIRD calculations. Associations between dose and degree of necrosis were studied.

Thirty-four (76%) patients underwent LT, and 11 (24%) patients underwent hepatic resection. Median radiation dose was 240 (IQR 136-387) Gy. Thirty (67%) patients had complete pathologic necrosis (CPN) at explant, while 10 (22%) and 5 (11%) had extensive and partial necrosis, respectively. There were significant differences among perfused liver doses that exhibited partial, extensive, and complete necrosis (p = 0.001). find more Twenty-four out of twenty-eight (86%) patients who had dose > 190Gy achieved CPN, while 11/17 (65%) who had < 190Gy did not (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.001). Using binary logistic regression, only absorbed radiation dose was significantly associated with CPN (p = 0.01), while tumor size was not (p = 0.35). All patients receiving > 400Gy exhibited CPN.

Radiation segmentectomy for early HCC with ablative dosing > 400Gy results in CPN. This represents the new standard target dose for radiation segmentectomy.
 400 Gy results in CPN. This represents the new standard target dose for radiation segmentectomy.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the introduction of online podcasts as part of the main lecture series in orthopaedics on the number of lecture attendees, the examination results and the assessment of teaching by the students. Additionally, we evaluated the use of other media for examination preparation.

At the beginning and end of the lecture series questionnaires were handed out to the students to evaluate their attitudes towards attending lectures, the use of video podcasts and examination preparation. In addition, the number of lecture attendees and podcast usage during the semester were counted and the statements of the students in the evaluation assessments of orthopaedic teaching were evaluated. The examination results were correlated in astatistical analysis with the learning materials provided by the students for examination preparation.

At the end of the lecture series, 284 students stated that they used the lecture podcast about twice as often as attending lectures; howrs with positive comments in the evaluations, but without achieving an improvement in these student evaluations.
Students in the age of digitalization use a variety of learning materials and are no longer bound to classical analog teaching methods. The use of online podcasts had no negative impact on examination performance. Most students perceived lecture podcasts as a useful supplement to lecture attendance. The students praised the expansion of the teaching curriculum to include additional digital offers with positive comments in the evaluations, but without achieving an improvement in these student evaluations.
Glenoid augmentation using free bone blocks for anterior shoulder instability has been proposed as an alternative to or bail-out for the Latarjet procedure. The purpose of this investigation was to systematically review and compare outcomes of patients undergoing glenoid augmentation using free bone block autografts versus allografts.

A systematic review using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed in line with the PRISMA statement. Studies reporting outcomes of patients treated with free bone block procedures for anterior shoulder instability with minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Random effects modelling was used to compare patient-reported outcomes, return to sports, recurrent instability, non-instability related complications, and development of arthritis between free bone block autografts and allografts.

Eighteen studies comprising of 623 patients met the inclusion criteria for this investigation. There were six studies reporting on the use of allografts (ofentation using free bone block autograft or allograft in the setting of recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss is effective and safe. Outcomes and complication incidence using autografts and allografts were comparable. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity in the data and outcomes reported in available studies, which consist primarily of retrospective case series, future prospective trials investigating long-term outcomes using free bone block autograft versus allograft for anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss are warranted.

IV.
IV.With the increasing demand on pesticide residue laboratories to increase their scope of analysis, high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) systems have found increasing popularity in this area. The systems have the advantage of much more reliable confirmation as high resolution increases the ability to distinguish between masses which are close together and the mass accuracy achieved limits the number of structural formulae. To date, much of the work involving these systems has revolved around developing screening methods and little has been done on use of these systems for quantitative methods. Here we describe the development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of 167 pesticide residues and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in samples of fruit and vegetables according to the protocol described in EU SANTE guidance document. The determination method involves analysis using a GC QExactive orbitrap in full scan mode using EI. The samples were then extracted using the standard mini-Luke method. After extraction with acetone/dichloromethane/petroleum ether 40-60 °C, a solvent exchange into ethyl acetate is carried out.
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