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Case statement: Lung artery thrombosis within cyanotic congenital heart problems.
Aims Estimated population sizes of key populations are critical for resource allocation as well as for monitoring program performance to prevent HIV infection. In 2018, using official records we recruited and conducted a brief survey among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) to estimate the population size of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Son La Province, Vietnam. Methods In Son La, the authorities develop and maintain a master list of individuals who are suspected of using drugs. The list is updated quarterly and is used to monitor the drug use situation in the province. The list, however, does not distinguish injecting from non-injecting drug users. Individual lists from six districts, 24 communes, and 96 hamlets were selected from among those from 12 districts, 204 communes, and 3335 hamlets in the whole province. After reviewing the lists with the hamlet health workers, based on the length of the lists, a minimum of 20% of the total or five drug users in any hamlet with fewer than 25 PWUD were randomly selected for a brief assessment. In addition to basic demographics, the assessment included any drug use in the last 3 months, injection drug use in the last 3 months, and the last time injected. Results A total of 250 PWUD were interviewed by hamlet health workers. The total number of PWID across all 12 districts in Son La was estimated at 4475 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3379-5570] and the corresponding proportion of PWID among PWUD was 48.4% (95% CI 36.6-60.4). Conclusion The exercise provided an estimated number of PWID in Son La. For planning HIV prevention and care service needs among PWID, additional studies using different methods are needed to validate and improve the population size of PWID in the province of Son La.The objectives of the study were to identify the prevalence of insomnia among a representative sample of the Lebanese population and to assess potential factors associated with insomnia among this group. A cross-sectional study was done in the Lebanese population from August 2017 to April 2018 enrolling 789 participants using a proportionate random sample from all five Lebanese governorates. Participants filled a self-administered Arabic questionnaire. The Athens Insomnia Scale was used to diagnose insomnia. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were used to measure depression and anxiety, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia was 47.1% in the population sampled. The mean age of the participants was 37 years (64% females). Death in the family [adjusted odds ratio (aORa) = 1.59], drinking caffeine before sleep more than 2 days per week compared to none (aORa = 1.57), increased stress (aORa = 1.03), increased depression (aORa = 1.14), and anxiety scores (aORa = 1.07) were associated with higher odds of insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia was very high in the Lebanese population, and it was mainly associated with modifiable, treatable risk factors. Improved knowledge and adequate screening for insomnia are needed to promote better sleep quality.Objectives The study aims to analyze the status quo of public health emergency measures taken in China in dealing with the spread of new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), and to put forward policy suggestions for system construction and improvement. Methods According to the official data released by the National Health Commission, the epidemic data of infected people from 000 on January 24, 2020 to 2400 on February 23, 2020 were quantitatively analyzed through statistical analysis. We used EXCEL software to draw the overall epidemic trend chart and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) to carry out descriptive statistical analysis of mortality and cure rate. We made qualitative analysis on the emergency measures implemented by national administrative departments and provincial governments to work on controlling and monitoring COVID-19 nationwide spread. Results The number of patients diagnosed showed a linear increasing trend, with the slope increasing first and decreasing later. Suspected and new cases showed an inverted V pattern, with the peak occurring on February 8 and 12, respectively. There was a linear increase in the number of deaths and an exponential increase in the number of cures. Over the 31-day study period, the mortality rate fluctuated between 2.0% and 3.4%. The mean cure rate was 10.03%, the minimum value was 1.33%, and the maximum value was 32.05%. Cyclopamine concentration The quantitative and qualitative analysis shows that the public health emergency response system constructed in China plays a significant role in controlling the epidemic in a certain period of time. Discussion The four-tier emergency management system and the joint prevention mechanism established in China have provided various resources to control the epidemic, but there are still weakness in dealing with the spread of COVID-19. It is suggested to improve and strengthen the emergency management system, public health service system, health legal system, citizen health education, and international exchange and cooperation.Turkey reported its first COVID-19 case on March 10, 2020. We present here the mitigation efforts Turkey has undertaken so far, and also review the lessons learned for future proactive strategies. High number of intensive care unit beds and ventilators, national treatment algorithms, governmental support for free testing and medications, tedious contact-tracing with early detection and isolation of cases together with early shelter-in-place for the elderly and youngsters, and subsequent weekend curfews in selected cities have so far prevented the surge pressure on the health care system. At this phase, Turkey needs to adopt an evidence-based, proactive control system for an effective transition process to normalize the situation. Here, we underline the urgent need for detailed analysis of the national COVID-19 data and propose an epidemiologic investigation framework for better understanding, efficient control, and reliable forecasting of COVID-19 pandemic.Enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) is an emerging discipline aiming to reduce perioperative stress response and postoperative complications and promote better and faster recovery of patients. In this study, the potential value and feasibility of acupuncture in ERAS is discussed from three aspects acupuncture can reduce the demand of perioperative analgesic drugs, improve the postoperative gastrointestinal function, and prevent and treat postoperative complications. The combination of acupuncture and ERAS can better promote the rehabilitation of patients, complement the advantages of acupuncture and ERAS, and promote the development of acupuncture and ERAS.
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