Notes

Multiplexing multifoci to prevent metasurfaces regarding details development inside the ultra-violet spectrum.
Biallelic crumbs cell polarity complex component 1 (CRB1) mutations can present as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), or cystic maculopathy. This study reports a novel phenotype of asymptomatic fenestrated slit maculopathy (AFSM) and examines macular volume profile and microperimetry as clinical trial end points in CRB1-associated retinopathies.

Twelve patients from nine families with CRB1 mutation were recruited. Ultra-widefield (UWF) color fundus photography and autofluorescence (AF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), microperimetry, and adaptive optics (AO) imaging were performed. Macular volume profiles were compared with age-matched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using APEX genotyping microarrays, targeted next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing.

We identified one patient with LCA, five patients with RP, and four patients with macular dystrophy (MD) with biallelic CRB1 mutations. Two siblings with compound heterozygote genotype (cP and MD.
The mouse retina is considered a remarkable model for studying gene functions. However, variations in genetic background influence phenotypes in the mammalian retina. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effects of the genetic background on the nuclear architecture of photoreceptor cells and the light-induced behavior in C57BL/6, 129 × 1/svj, and ICR mice.

The nuclear architecture of photoreceptor cells was investigated using various staining methods on postnatal day 21 (P21). Murine behavior was observed using a light-dark compartment test.

The outer nuclear layer and retina were significantly thicker in C57BL/6 mice than in 129 × 1/svj mice. The percentage of photoreceptors with one chromocenter was significantly higher in C57BL/6 mice than in 129 × 1/svj and ICR mice on P21. The numbers of photoreceptor cells in C57BL/6 and ICR mice were significantly higher than those in 129 × 1/svj mice. The behavior test revealed that the walking distance and velocity in the light compartment were increased in C57BL/6 and ICR mice compared to 129 × 1/svj mice.

Different mouse strains had a distinct nuclear architecture of photoreceptors on P21, and C57BL/6 and ICR mice were more active than 129 × 1/svj mice in response to light-induced stress.

This study demonstrates a technique for assessing retinal structures and nuclear architecture in various strains of mice, which are often used to model human retinal disease. Hence, this study may help to elucidate the effect of genetic or disease-induced variance in retinal architecture and the organization of photoreceptor nuclear content on visual function in humans.
This study demonstrates a technique for assessing retinal structures and nuclear architecture in various strains of mice, which are often used to model human retinal disease. Hence, this study may help to elucidate the effect of genetic or disease-induced variance in retinal architecture and the organization of photoreceptor nuclear content on visual function in humans.
To investigate whether intraoperative retinal changes during epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling affect anatomic or functional outcomes after surgery.

We measured retinal thickness using an intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) device in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling for idiopathic ERM. Changes in intraoperative central macular thickness (iCMT) were compared with postoperative improvements in CMT and best-corrected visual acuity (VA).

Twenty-seven eyes from 27 patients (mean age 68 years) underwent iOCT-assisted ERM peeling surgery. Before surgery, mean VA was logMAR 0.50 ± 0.36 (Snellen 20/63), and mean baseline CMT was 489 ± 82 µm. Mean iCMT before peeling was 477 ± 87 µm, which correlated well with preoperative CMT (P < 0.001). Mean change in iCMT was -39.6 ± 37 µm (range -116 to +77 µm). After surgery, VA improved to logMAR 0.40 ± 0.38 (Snellen 20/50) at month 1 and logMAR 0.27 ± 0.23 (Snellen 20/37) at month 3, whereas CMT decreased to 397 ± 44 µm and 396 ± 51 µm at months 1 and 3. Eyes that underwent greater amount of iCMT change (absolute value of iCMT change) were associated with greater CMT reduction at month 1 (P < 0.001) and month 3 (P = 0.010), whereas those with greater intraoperative thinning (actual iCMT change) showed a trend toward better VA outcomes at months 1 (P = 0.054) and 3 (P = 0.036).

Intraoperative changes in retinal thickness may predict anatomic and visual outcomes after idiopathic ERM peeling surgery.

Our study suggests that intraoperative retinal tissue response to ERM peeling surgery measured by iOCT may be a prognostic indicator for restoration of retinal architecture and for visual acuity outcomes.
Our study suggests that intraoperative retinal tissue response to ERM peeling surgery measured by iOCT may be a prognostic indicator for restoration of retinal architecture and for visual acuity outcomes.
To evaluate the areas of lesion components of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) measured using multicolor imaging compared to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

In a prospective study of 50 consecutive treatment-naïve PCV patients, multicolor imaging and ICGA were performed. The images were independently graded by reading center-certified retinal specialists to confirm the diagnosis of PCV and identify lesion components. The areas of the respective lesion components were compared.

The mean age of the participants was 67.8 years. PCV was diagnosed in 96% of eyes using multicolor imaging. U0126 price The mean numbers of polypoidal lesions identified using ICGA and multicolor were 4.0 and 2.1, respectively (P < 0.001), with mean total polypoidal lesion areas of 0.32 mm2 versus 0.30 mm2 (P = 0.727). The area of the branching vascular network (BVN) on ICGA was 7.8 mm2 compared to 5.7 mm2 on multicolor imaging (P = 0.289). Patients with four or more polypoidal lesions on ICGA had larger differences in total lesion area between ICGA and multicolor imaging (4.07 vs. -0.70 mm2, p = 0.039). Those with total lesion area ≥ 2.0 mm2 on ICGA had larger differences in mean polypoidal lesion number compared to those with smaller areas (2.2 vs. 0.5; P = 0.026).

Multicolor imaging is a useful, noninvasive adjunct for detecting PCV lesion components, revealing lesion areas similar to but generally smaller than those seen on ICGA. This is important to consider when making treatment decisions with different imaging modalities.

New features seen on multicolor imaging can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of PCV.
New features seen on multicolor imaging can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of PCV.
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