Notes

Cerebral venous thrombosis: a new retrospective unicentric evaluation involving scientific along with neuroimaging qualities.
its macrophage migration. V.One of the most important self-defense strategies employed by bacteria to resist the action of antibiotics is a biofilm formation upon the infected surface. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore novel candidates that have potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects to tackle this challenge. In this endeavor, we have transformed shrimp shell wastes to N-methylated water-soluble chitosan thiomer (MWSCT) which was used as either a chelating agent or bio-reductant and capping agent for Ag(I) ions in the preparation of a Ag(I)MWSCT complex or silver nanocomposite (Ag(0)MWSCT), for targeting antibacterial and anti-biofilm applications. Dooku1 in vitro The antibacterial and anti-biofilm performance of the new methylated chitosan thiomer (MWSCT) and its silver architectures (Ag(I)MWSCT, Ag(0)MWSCT) were assessed in vitro against E. coli and S. aureus. These new materials have significant capacities to synergistically inhibit the proliferation of the targeted bacterial cells and biofilm formation, in a structure- and species-dependent manner. Ag(0)MWSCT emerged as the most potent compound in inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains (MICE. coli/ MICS. aureus = 0.05/ 0.34 μg/mL, 1.6-/ 2.5-times lower than that recorded for the clinical drug (ciprofloxacin, Cipro). Also, this nanocomposite showed the highest anti-biofilm effects (only 1.7% E. coli biofilm growth; 11.8% staphylococcal biofilm growth). Poly-mannuronic acids (PMs) have been considered as great biodegradable polymers as a green carrier for the potential pesticide deliver. In this work, the response surface design and microwave-assisted degradation were employed to obtain the optimum extraction conditions (i.e., 81 °C, 4.1 h, acid concentration 17.65 g/L). Meanwhile, the Ugi multi-component reaction makes the PM to be amphiphilic, called Ugi-PM, which induces the aggregation in aqueous solution at the concentration of 0.0895 g/L. The corresponding chemical structure and thermal stability of PM and Ugi-PM were determined by the FTIR, 1H NMR and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Furthermore, the construction of novel emulsion-based delivery system using synthetic Ugi-PM was explored to prepare the pesticide of λ-Cyhalothrin. Interestingly, with the Ugi-PM concentration at 0.5 wt%, the stability of the Ugi-PM emulsion and the sustainable release of λ-Cyhalothrin are better than other concentrations and our previous system without degradation (Ugi-Alg emulsion). It is possible that electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance derived from the hydrophobic Ugi-PM can promote the stability and flexible structure may be the reason for excellent sustained release of Ugi-PM emulsions in the pesticide deliver. The above-mentioned preparation progress is an efficient way to provide a valuable pesticide formulation. V.Lectins are ubiquitous carbohydrate-binding proteins that interact with sugar moieties in a highly specific manner. H-type lectins represent a new group of lectins that were identified in invertebrates. These lectins share structural homology and bind mainly to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Recent structural studies on the H-type lectins provided a detailed description of the GalNAc-lectin interaction that is already exploited in a number of biomedical applications. Two members of the H-type lectin family, Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Helix aspersa agglutinin (HAA), have already been extensively used in many diagnostic tests due their ability to specifically recognize GalNAc. This ability is especially important because aberrant glycosylation patterns of proteins expressed by cancer cells contain GalNAc. In addition, H-type lectins were utilized in diagnostics of other non-cancer diseases and represent great potential as components of drug delivery systems. Here, we present an overview of the H-type lectins and their applications in diagnostics, analytics and drug delivery. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic biopolymer. Au@Pd@Ag NPs were prepared with chitosan as a capping agent. Chitosan-Pd2+ and chitosan-Ag+ complexes reduced on the surface of AuNPs. The ninhydrin was used to detect the presence of the chitosan amino group on the surface of Au@Pd@Ag NPs. Viscosity data revealed that the capped chitosan was stable with ageing time. Chitosan capped Au@Pd@Ag was used as an adsorbent to the removal of acid orange 7 from wastewater. The maximum adsorption efficiency (q0max = 71.42 mg/g with regression R2 = 0.996) was calculated from Langmuir adsorption isotherm to the adsorption of dye. The acid orange 7 dye removal followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with a high correlation (R2 = 0.999). Maximum adsorption (90%) was observed in acidic pH (= 6.0). The oxidative dissolution of Ag+ ions from the surface of chitosan capped Au@Pd@Ag NPs were very slow and depend on the pH. In this study, the immune responses of Mesona chinensis Benth polysaccharides (MP) in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Results showed that MP presented immunomodulatory activities on macrophages and T lymphocytes in vitro. Compared with the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressive mice, the body weights, spleen indexes (3.45 to 4.91) and thymus indexes (0.78 to 1.04) of the mice treated with MP were increased, and the peripheral blood levels were recovered. MP treatment also increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde levels to enhance the total antioxidant capacity of Cy-treated mice. In addition, MP significantly elevated IL-2, NO, and IFN-γ secretions of splenic lymphocytes and spleen, while MP mainly exerts an immune effect by regulating T lymphocytes. Furthermore, MP possessed the immunomodulatory activity by up-regulating the phosphorylation levels of proteins factors (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinase and p38 kinase) in mitogen activated protein kinases signaling pathways. This study suggested that MP may be explored as a natural immune stimulant for functional food and nutraceutical industries. V.A new esterase gene est906 was identified from paper mill wastewater sediments via a function-based metagenomic approach. The gene encoded a protein of 331 amino acids, that shared 86% homology with known esterases. Based on the results of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, it was confirmed that Est906 contained a characteristic hexapeptide motif (G-F-S-M-G-G), which classified it as a lipolytic enzyme family V protein. Est906 displayed the highest hydrolysis activity to ρ-nitrophenyl caproate (C6), and its optimal temperature and pH were 54 °C and 9.5, respectively. Additionally, this enzyme had good stability under strong alkaline conditions (pH 10.0-11.0) in addition to moderate heat resistance and good tolerance against several metal ions and organic solvents. Furthermore, a specific nucleic acid aptamer (Apt1) bound to Est906 was obtained after five rounds of magnetic bead SELEX screening. Apt1 displayed high specific recognition and capture ability to Est906. In conclusion, this study not only identified a new esterase of family V with potential industrial application by metagenomic technology but also provided a new method to purify recombinant esterases via nucleic acid aptamers, which will facilitate the isolation and purification of target proteins in the future.
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