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Overhead Tossing Dysfunction in cricketers: the effect of a run-up strategy.
At the end of behavioral experiments, histological and biochemical evaluations were done on prepared spinal cord samples. RESULTS Isobologram results showed that combination therapy significantly increased the pain threshold comparing to injection of endomorphin-1 (EM) or muscimol alone. LαPhosphatidylcholine Histological studies indicated the increased expression of α2 subunits of GABA receptors, and NR1 subunits of NMDA receptors in the spinal cord. The combination therapy also increased the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Simultaneous administration of muscimol and endomorphine-1 could be a new candidate for alleviation of pain resulting from spinal cord injury. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Animals switch between inactive and active states, simultaneously impacting their energy intake, energy expenditure and predation risk, and collectively defining how they engage with environmental variation and trophic interactions. We assess daily activity responses to long-term variation in temperature, resources and mating opportunities to examine whether individuals choose to be active or inactive according to an optimisation of the relative energetic and reproductive gains each state offers. We show that this simplified behavioural decision approach predicts most activity variation (R2 = 0.83) expressed by free-ranging red squirrels over 4 years, as quantified through accelerometer recordings (489 deployments; 5066 squirrel-days). Recognising activity as a determinant of energetic status, the predictability of activity variation aggregated at a daily scale, and the clear signal that behaviour is environmentally forced through optimisation of gain, provides an integrated approach to examine behavioural variation as an intermediary between environmental variation and energetic, life-history and ecological outcomes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.BACKGROUND To evaluate the surgical effect and prognostic factors of extended thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with thymomas. METHODS Patients with MG with thymomas who underwent extended thymectomy at Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Hospital between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were followed up by telephone or outpatient record review . Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 19.0. RESULTS A total of 194 patients were included in this study. According to the Osserman classification, there were 56 type I, 52 type IIa, 67 type IIb, 14 type III, and five type IV. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomies were performed in 137 patients, and transthymectomies in 57 patients. The average operation time was 136.6 ± 46.5 minutes, average blood loss was 129.3 ± 287.4 mL, and average postoperative stay was 8.3 ± 7.4 days. A total of 170 patients (87.6%) were successfully followed up. The median follow-up period was 45. Presence of bulbar symptoms was an independent risk factor for POMC. Age and World Health Organization classification influence the postoperative effect of MG. KEY POINTS Significant findings of the study Age, Masaoka stage, and recurrence were prognostic factors of OS for MG with thymomas. The presence of bulbar symptoms was an independent risk factor for POMC. Age and World Health Organization classification may influence the postoperative effect of MG. What this study adds Our study had a relatively large sample size of MG patients with thymomas only. We emphasize the analysis of the postoperative effect of MG and overall survival for these patients, which is a complement to previous studies. © 2020 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, and outcome of a dog with pregnancy-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old, pregnant Bichon Frise was presented due to lethargy, inappetence, and progressive regenerative anemia with spherocytosis. The dog had been recently receiving ranitidine and amoxicillin/clavulanate. An in-house saline agglutination test identified marked agglutination and a urinalysis identified hemoglobinuria. Thoracic and abdominal imaging, as well as infectious diseases testing, was unremarkable. The bitch started whelping shortly following hospitalization, and the anemia progressively resolved without any other intervention. Ranitidine and amoxicillin/clavulanate were re-introduced within the following 2 months but the anemia did not reoccur. In light of these findings, a diagnosis of pregnancy-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was made. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED Pregnancy-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia should be considered in female dogs that develop severe hemolytic anemia during pregnancy and may resolve spontaneously following parturition. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2020.Z-scheme photocatalysis water splitting system is an effective approach to integrate the advantages both hydrogen evolution photocatalyst and oxygen evolution photocatalyst. The interfaces property of the heterojunctions has a great influence on the efficiency through the crystal orientation and the charge kinetics. In this study, general chemical vapor deposition process and gentle cation-exchange method were combined successively to smart design and flexible assemble the Z-scheme photocatalysts between CdS and MnS. Owing to the well-defined heterojunctions interfaces and distinctive structural benefits, the one dimension CdS/MnS hybrid photocatalysts without any co-catalysts exhibited the significantly increased photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate of 1595 μmol h -1 g -1 (apparent quantum efficiency of 22.6% at 420 nm), which is over 10.5 times higher than that of original CdS. Moreover, good photocatalytic stability also be demonstrated over particulate (42 h cycling measurement) and photoelectrochemical (3000 min continuous measurement) systems. Overall, this work provides unique experimental insight into the high-quality heterojunctions interface design and novel Z-scheme photocatalysts synthesis. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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