Notes

Populace pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of acetaminophen in preterm neonates together with hemodynamically considerable clair ductus arteriosus.
The limited-angle cone-beam Computed Tomography (CT) is often used in C-arm for clinical diagnosis with the advantages of cheap cost and radiation dose reduction. However, due to incomplete projection data, the 3-dimensional CT images reconstructed by conventional methods, such as the Feldkamp, Davis and Kres (FDK) algorithm [1], suffer from heavy artifacts and missing features. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline of neural networks jointly by a FDK-based neural network revisited from Würfl et al.'s work [2] and an image domain U-Net to enhance the 3-dimensional reconstruction quality for limited projection sinogram less than 180 degrees, i.e. 145 degrees in our work. Experimental results, on simulated projections of real-scan CTs, show that the proposed pipeline can reduce some of the major artifacts caused by the limited views while keep the key features, with a 16.60% improvement than Würfl et al.'s work on peak signal-to-noise ratio.There is growing evidence that the use of stringent and dichotomic diagnostic categories in many medical disciplines (particularly 'brain sciences' as neurology and psychiatry) is an oversimplification. Although clear diagnostic boundaries remain useful for patients, families, and their access to dedicated NHS and health care services, the traditional dichotomic categories are not helpful to describe the complexity and large heterogeneity of symptoms across many and overlapping clinical phenotypes. With the advent of 'big' multimodal neuroimaging databases, data-driven stratification of the wide spectrum of healthy human physiology or disease based on neuroimages is theoretically become possible. However, this conceptual framework is hampered by severe computational constraints. In this paper we present a novel, deep learning based encode-decode architecture which leverages several parameter efficiency techniques generate latent deep embedding which compress the information contained in a full 3D neuroimagingsional space of data, where they are uniquely classified according to their individual anatomy, physiology and disease-related anatomical and physiological alterations.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been one of the most powerful and valuable imaging methods for medical diagnosis and staging of disease. Due to the long scan time of MRI acquisition, k-space under-samplings is required during the acquisition processing. Thus, MRI reconstruction, which transfers undersampled k-space data to high-quality magnetic resonance imaging, becomes an important and meaningful task. There have been many explorations on k-space interpolation for MRI reconstruction. However, most of these methods ignore the strong correlation between target slice and its adjacent slices. Inspired by this, we propose a fully data-driven deep learning algorithm for k-space interpolation, utilizing the correlation information between the target slice and its neighboring slices. A novel network is proposed, which models the inter-dependencies between different slices. In addition, the network is easily implemented and expended. Experiments show that our methods consistently surpass existing image-domain and k-space-domain magnetic resonance imaging reconstructing methods.The characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) fundus images generally consist of multiple types of lesions which provided strong evidence for the ophthalmologists to make diagnosis. It is particularly significant to figure out an efficient method to not only accurately classify DR fundus images but also recognize all kinds of lesions on them. In this paper, a deep learning-based multi-label classification model with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was proposed, which can both make DR classification and automatically locate the regions of different lesions. To reducing laborious annotation work and improve the efficiency of labeling, this paper innovatively considered different types of lesions as different labels for a fundus image so that this paper changed the task of lesion detection into that of image classification. A total of five labels were pre-defined and 3228 fundus images were collected for developing our model. The architecture of deep learning model was designed by ourselves based on ResNet. Through experiments on the test images, this method acquired a sensitive of 93.9% and a specificity of 94.4% on DR classification. Moreover, the corresponding regions of lesions were reasonably outlined on the DR fundus images.Because of the significance of bronchial lesions as indicators of early lung cancer and squamous cell carcinoma, a critical need exists for early detection of bronchial lesions. Benserazide mouse Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is a primary modality used for bronchial lesion detection, as it shows high sensitivity to suspicious lesions. The physician, however, must interactively browse a long video stream to locate lesions, making the search exceedingly tedious and error prone. Unfortunately, limited research has explored the use of automated AFB video analysis for efficient lesion detection. We propose a robust automatic AFB analysis approach that distinguishes informative and uninformative AFB video frames in a video. In addition, for the informative frames, we determine the frames containing potential lesions and delineate candidate lesion regions. Our approach draws upon a combination of computer-based image analysis, machine learning, and deep learning. Thus, the analysis of an AFB video stream becomes more tractable. Using patient AFB video, 99.5%/90.2% of test frames were correctly labeled as informative/uninformative by our method versus 99.2%/47.6% by ResNet. In addition, ≥97% of lesion frames were correctly identified, with false positive and false negative rates ≤3%.Clinical relevance-The method makes AFB-based bronchial lesion analysis more efficient, thereby helping to advance the goal of better early lung cancer detection.The introduction of deep learning techniques for the computer-aided detection scheme has shed a light for real incorporation into the clinical workflow. In this work, we focus on the effect of attention in deep neural networks on the classification of tuberculosis x-ray images. We propose a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), a simple but effective attention module for feed-forward convolutional neural networks. Given an intermediate feature map, our module infers attention maps and multiplied it to the input feature map for adaptive feature refinement. It achieves high precision and recalls while localizing objects with its attention. We validate the performance of our approach on a standard-compliant data set, including a dataset of 4990 x-ray chest radiographs from three hospitals and show that our performance is better than the models used in previous work.
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