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These measurements were carried out and are compared in setups utilizing travelling SAW (tSAW) excited by single interdigital transducer (IDT), standing SAW generated between two IDTs (1DsSAW, 1D acoustic tweezers) and between two pairs of IDTs (2DsSAW, 2D acoustic tweezers) with different angular alignment in respect to pure Rayleigh mode propagation directions and other practically relevant orientations. For these basic configurations, typically used to drive SAW-based microfluidics, the influence of common SAW phenomena including beam steering, coupling coefficient dispersion and diffraction on the resultant wave field is investigated. check details The results show how tailoring of the acoustic conditions, based on profound knowledge of the physical effects, can be achieved to finally realize a desired behavior of a SAW-based microacoustic-fluidic system. BACKGROUND Blood eosinophil count measurements are a noninvasive, relatively reliable surrogate marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation. Single measurements of peripheral blood eosinophil counts ≥150 cells/μL predict response to anti-eosinophil therapies for patients with characteristics of severe eosinophilic asthma. OBJECTIVE To describe how blood eosinophil counts shift over time for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma receiving placebo in two large randomized, placebocontrolled clinical trials of benralizumab (SIROCCO and CALIMA). METHODS Our analysis included adult patients randomized to placebo in the SIROCCO and CALIMA Phase III benralizumab studies. Patients were categorized into baseline blood eosinophil count groups of less then 150 cells/μL, ≥150- less then 300 cells/μL, and ≥300 cells/μL. Timing of initial shift from baseline to a different group was evaluated at Weeks 4, 8, 24, and 40 and at end of treatment. Baseline characteristics, including OCS use, were described based on the presence or absence of a blood eosinophil count group shift. RESULTS Of 734 evaluable patients, 65% (n=474) shifted blood eosinophil count groups during the study, and the majority (86% [n=410]) shifted by Week 24. Patients who started in the less then 150 cells/μL group tended to shift groups earlier, with 59% shifting by Week 4 compared with 38-55% for the same time frame in other groups. Patients who shifted blood eosinophil count groups vs. those who did not tended to have lower blood eosinophil counts, more OCS use, and less incidence of nasal polyps/past polypectomy. CONCLUSION A single blood eosinophil count measurement, particularly when low, may be inadequate to help establish a phenotype of severe eosinophilic asthma. Nedd4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has received increased attention due to its role in the maintenance of proteostasis and in cellular stress responses. Investigation of Nedd4 enzymology has revealed a complex enzymatic mechanism that involves intermolecular interactions with upstream E2 conjugating enzymes and with substrates and intramolecular interactions that serve to regulate Nedd4 function. Thus, it is imperative that investigations of Nedd4 enzymology that employ recombinant enzyme be conducted with Nedd4 in its native, untagged form. We report herein an optimized, facile method for purification of recombinant human Nedd4 in its full-length form as a stable and active recombinant enzyme. Specifically, Nedd4 can be purified through a two-step purification which employs glutathione-S-transferase and hexahistidine sequences as orthogonal affinity tags. Proteolytic cleavage of Nedd4 was optimized to enable removal of the affinity tags with TEV protease, providing access to the untagged enzyme in yields of 2-3 mg/L. Additionally, investigation of Nedd4 storage conditions reveal that the enzyme is not stable through freeze-thaw cycles, and storage conditions should be carefully considered for preservation of enzyme stability. Finally, Nedd4 activity was validated through three activity assays which measure ubiquitin chain formation, Nedd4 autoubiquitination, and monoubiquitin consumption, respectively. Comparison of the method described herein with previously reported purification methods reveal that our optimized purification strategy enables access to Nedd4 in fewer chromatographic steps and eliminates reagents and materials that are potentially cost-prohibitive. This method, therefore, is more efficient and provides a more accessible route for purifying recombinant full-length Nedd4. WuXiBody is a novel bispecific antibody (bsAb) platform developed by WuXi Biologics. It enables almost any monoclonal antibody (mAb) sequence pair to be assembled into a bispecific construct. BsAbs based on WuXiBody can adopt either asymmetric or symmetric format. WuXiBody's unique design not only ensures desired chain pairing but also facilitates removal of potential product-related impurities. In this work, demonstrated with four WuXiBody-based bsAbs (two asymmetric and two symmetric ones), we showed that Protein A followed by anion exchange (AEX) and mixed-mode chromatography (i.e., Capto MMC ImpRes or Capto adhere ImpRes) can be a potential platform approach for WuXiBody purification. BACKGROUND Abusive head trauma (AHT) in children older than 1 and younger than 5 years old is thought uncommon and rarely studied. OBJECTIVE This study estimates national incidence and case fatality rate of abusive head trauma (AHT), and evaluates differences by age, sex, race, and region, with a focus on children of 2-4 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Hospital discharges were extracted from The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids' Inpatient Database from 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 using the CDC's narrow definition of AHT. METHODS Survey-weighted chi-square tests were used to assess differences in incidence and case fatality rates. RESULTS The average annual incidence per 100,000 children was highest in less then 1 year-olds (27), followed by age 1 (4), age 2 (3), and age 3-4 (1). Average annual incidence varied significantly by sex (p = 0.0001), race (p less then 0.0001), and region (p = 0.0002) within each age category. The average annual case fatality rate increased significantly with age, with a rate of 0.
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