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The aim of this study was to examine the long-term risk of heart failure (HF) and all-cause mortality, in patients discharged alive following hospitalization for myocarditis.
. Prognosis in patients with apparently uncomplicated myocarditis is in general perceived as good, but data on long-term outcomes are sparse.
From nationwide Danish registries we included patients without prior cardiac disease, discharged alive with a first-time diagnosis of myocarditis 1996-2016. Patients were matched 110 by age- and sex, with controls from the general population. Risk of HF hospitalization and death in cases and controls was compared by use of adjusted Cox regression analyses.
. We identified 1557 patients with a first-time diagnosis of myocarditis, 72% men, median age 39 years. Patients with myocarditis had more hypertension, diabetes, and cancer, and received more pharmacotherapy prior to hospitalization compared to matched controls. During a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, the event rate of HF hospitalization was 8.7 vs. 2.2 per 1000 patient-years (py) in cases and controls; HR 4.59 (95% CI; 3.58-5.88) and for all-cause mortality, event rate 21.9 vs 11.2 per 1000 py; HR 2.10 (95% CI; 1.82-2.43). Among 784 patients with no events or HF medication one year after diagnosis, risk of HF hospitalization (HR 2.15; 95% CI; 1.18-3.92), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.62; 95% CI; 1.21-2.16) remained elevated compared to matched controls. Conclusion. Myocarditis in younger patients without prior cardiac disease was associated with a long-term excess risk of HF hospitalization, and death, even in patients free of events and HF medication 1 year after discharge.HighlightsMyocarditis ranges from chest discomfort to severe heart failure.In most patients, left ventricular ejection fraction recovers but the long-term adverse cardiac risk is unknown.Patients with myocarditis and no prior cardiac disease were at higher risk of death and heart failureRoutine follow-up may be warranted following an episode of acute myocarditis.
About 20% of ICU patients with COVID-19 require renal replacement therapy (RRT). Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) might be used for risk assessment. This study investigates MR-proADM for RRT prediction in ICU patients with COVID-19.

We analysed data of consecutive patients with COVID-19, requiring ICU admission at a university hospital in Germany between March and September 2020. Clinical characteristics, details on AKI, and RRT were assessed. MR-proADM was measured on admission.

64 patients were included (49 (77%) males). Median age was 62.5y (54-73). 47 (73%) patients were ventilated and 50 (78%) needed vasopressors. 25 (39%) patients had severe ARDS, and 10 patients needed veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 29 (45%) patients required RRT; median time from admission to RRT start was 2 (1-9) days. MR-proADM on admission was higher in the RRT group (2.491 vs. 1.23 nmol/l;
 = 0.002) and showed the highest correlation with renalSOFA. ROC curve analysis showed that MR-proADM predicts RRT with an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.543-0.828;
 = 0.019). In multivariable logistic regression MR-proADM was an independent predictor (OR 3.813, 95% CI 1.110-13.102,
<0.05) for RRT requirement.

AKI requiring RRT is frequent in ICU patients with COVID-19. MR-proADM on admission was able to predict RRT requirement, which may be of interest for risk stratification and management.
AKI requiring RRT is frequent in ICU patients with COVID-19. MR-proADM on admission was able to predict RRT requirement, which may be of interest for risk stratification and management.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of gentamycin irrigation in preventing postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) in emergency neurosurgical procedures.

A total of 518 consecutive emergency neurosurgeries, including craniotomies, endoscopic and burr hole procedures were reviewed retrospectively. Patients received either only normal saline (NS) irrigation or NS irrigation with gentamycin added (80 mg/L) during the whole process of surgery. SSIs including wound infection and intracranial infection were the primary outcome. SSI was considered while purulence was observed during wound dressing and confirmed with bacterial culture of wound exudation. In addition, positive result of bacterial growth culture of cerebrospinal fluid was also considered as infection. Infection rates were calculated 28 days after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using
test or Chi-squared test where appropriate.

This study included 444 patients. Gentamycin was used in 179 (40.3%) patients. learn more Only 2 (1.1%) of 179 patients receiving gentamycin irrigation had an infection. However, among the other 265 patients receiving only NS irrigation, the infection rate was 8.3%. With the addition of gentamycin, the infection rate was decreased by 86.7% (

=
0.001). The two infected patients in gentamycin group were compromised postoperatively one patient had removed his own extraventricular drainage tube accidentally due to restlessness, and the other had severely contaminated his wound with vomitus during the intracranial drainage tube removal process. If these two patients were excluded from analysis, the effective infection rate using gentamycin irrigation is 0%.

The gentamycin plus NS irrigation during emergency neurosurgical procedures can lead to a significantly lower rate of postoperative infection than when NS is used alone.
The gentamycin plus NS irrigation during emergency neurosurgical procedures can lead to a significantly lower rate of postoperative infection than when NS is used alone.We investigate how men and women are evaluated in group discussions. In five studies (N = 761) using a variant of a Hidden Profile Task, we find that, when experimentally and/or statistically controlling for actual gender differences in behavior, the female performance in a group discussion is devalued in comparison to male performance. This was observed for fellow group members (Study 1) and outside observers (Studies 2-5), in both primarily student (Studies 1, 4, and 5) and mixed samples (Studies 2 and 3), for different measures of performance (perceived helpfulness of the contribution, for work-related competence), across different discussion formats (preformulated chat messages, open chat), and when controlling for the number of female group members (Study 5). In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find a moderating effect of selection procedure in that women were devalued to a similar degree in both situations with a women's quota and without.
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