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Study of the aftereffect of Staufen1 overexpression about the HIV-1 virus generation.
This Literature Review presents various treatments, including operative and conservative therapies, of Legg - Calvé - Perthes Disease. The problem is relevant because of the prevalence of the disease. The authors presented a review of literature, which managed to classify the main methods of treatment by the principles of action, practical application, and presented the interpretation of the effectiveness of modern research from the point of view of evidence-based medicine.Since December 2019, Covid-19 has become a challenge for doctors around the world, including pediatricians. In most infected children, the disease manifests itself in a mild or is char- acterized by a subclinical course. At the same time, in some cases, a severe clinical picture of the so-called late Covid disease may develop, in the form of a multisystem syndrome and other complications. In 2020-2021 at the Academic Pediatric Clinic named after G. Zhvania of Tbilisi State Medical University, we observed 60 children with post-Covid complications and late Covid syn- drome. More than half (32 children - 53.3%) were under 5 years of age, with a predominance of boys (33 children - 55%) who had a Covid-19 infection 1.5-2 months before contacting us with a positive antibody reaction. selleck chemicals Most of them (51 children - 85%) were healthy before the disease. Vasculopathy, immune thrombocytopenia, thalassemia minor, primary diabetes, iron deficiency anemia, coagulopathy, pneumonia-atelectasis, exacerbation of the underlying dd the syndrome of the so-called late Covid, which dictates the need for a thorough examination of these patients and observation in dynamics.The review summarizes the current literature data on the inherited metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids - methylmalonic aciduria, characterized by high mortality, acute onset and crisis course. The paper presents the molecular genetic characteristics of the known thirteen different genes (responsible for the synthesis of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase and vitamin B12 metabolism), mutations of which lead to the development of methylmalonic aciduria. The current knowledge about the potential role of organic acids and their derivatives in the development of metabolic decompensation, toxic damage to the nervous system and internal organs is presented. Early diagnosis by tandem mass spectrometry is extremely important, since timely treatment started (diet therapy, the use of hydroxycobalamin in the B12-dependent form) prevent an unfavorable outcome and allow a high degree of rehabilitation for children with this pathology. Moreover, the identification of the primary molecular genetic defect makes it possible to adjust the patient management tactics and to carry out further prenatal diagnosis of the pathology in subsequent pregnancies.The aim of the article is scientific conceptualization of the problem of mental derangement as a mandatory medical criterion of limited sanity according to criminal legislation by experience of Ukraine and some foreign countries and development of new approaches to such status assessment. Empirical study base of the problem consists of judgments of conviction taken from Unified State Register of Court Rulings of Ukraine and carried out on persons who commit crimes in the state of limited sanity from March 1st, 2014, till August 1st, 2020. Results of some foreign researchers' studies of the problem in question have been used as well. A combination of general and special scientific methods (comparative method, system structural method, method of statistical analysis, method of legal phenomenon system analysis etc.) has been applied to reach the aim in view. In conclusion medical criterion of limited sanity ("mental derangement") used by lawmaker does not allow defining clearly types of illnesses, represent all possible types of psychiatric pathology and also causes complications in law enforcement practice. It has been proved that increase of quantity of people having mental derangements and quantity of crimes committed by such people shows that non-application of compulsory measures of medical care, correlational programs leads to repeated crimes commitment. Taking into account absence of duration of compulsory measures of medical care application, it has been suggested to stipulate this by Ukrainian legislation and to develop classification of mental derangements and criteria of their division into severe and non-severe.Obesity contributes to the formation of low-intensity systemic inflammation with major participation of monocytes/macrophages. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase class III SIRT1 regulates the polarization of macrophages, controlling the inhibition of the M1 subpopulation and stimulating the activation of M2 macrophages. The aim of our study was to determine the regulatory role of SIRT1 in M1/M2 polarization of peripheral blood monocytes in young people with overweight and Class I obesity. 30 subjects of both gender, aged 18-25 years have been examined. Groups were formed by the BMI the subjects with normal body weight (n=10, BMI 18.50-24.99 kg/m2), the subjects with overweight (n=10, BMI 25.00-29.99 kg/m2), the subjects with Class I obesity (n=10, BMI 30.00-34.99 kg/m2). Peripheral blood mononuclear suspension was isolated from venous blood. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 100 ηg/mL and γ-interferon (γIFN) at a dose of 100 ηg/mL were used to induce polarization of macrophages by the M1 phenotype. Unstimulated monocytes/macrophages were used as controls. The level of the stat1, stat6 and sirt1 gene expression was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-time PCR. The findings showed an increase in the level of the sirt1 gene expression with weight gain. The highest rates of sirt1 expression were found in IL-4-stimulated cells of the subjects with Class I obesity. It has been concluded that SIRT1 promotes M2 polarization of peripheral blood monocytes toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype in young people with overweight and Class I obesity, mediated by increased stat6 gene expression. The direction of polarization toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype is indicated by a decrease in the stat/stat6 ratio and the formation of correlation between the sirt1 and stat6 expression in LPS and γIFN-stimulated cells and IL-4-stimulated cells.
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