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Base editing (BE) is a powerful tool for engineering single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and has been used to create targeted mutations in cell lines, organoids and animal models. Recent development of new BE enzymes has provided an extensive toolkit for genome modification; however, identifying and isolating edited cells for analysis has proven challenging. Here we report a 'Gene On' (GO) reporter system that indicates precise cytosine or adenine base editing in situ with high sensitivity and specificity. We test GO using an activatable GFP and use it to measure the kinetics, efficiency and PAM specificity of a range of new BE variants. Further, GO is flexible and can be easily adapted to induce expression of numerous genetically encoded markers, antibiotic resistance genes or enzymes, such as Cre recombinase. With these tools, GO can be exploited to functionally link BE events at endogenous genomic loci to cellular enzymatic activities in human and mouse cell lines and organoids. Thus, GO provides a powerful approach to increase the practicality and feasibility of implementing CRISPR BE in biomedical research. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.To validate the GATE Monte Carlo simulation code and to investigate the lateral scattering of proton pencil beams in the major body tissue elements in the therapeutic energy range. In this study, GATE Monte Carlo simulation code was used to compute absorbed dose and fluence of protons in a water cubic phantom for the clinical energy range. To apply the suitable physics model for simulation, different physics lists were investigated. The present research also investigated the optimal value of the water ionization potential as a simulation parameter. Thereafter, the lateral beam profile of proton pencil beams were simulated at different energies and depths in body tissue elements. The range results obtained using the QGSP_BIC_EMY physics showed the best compatibility with the NIST database data. Moreover, it was found that the 76 eV is the optimal value for the water ionization potential. In the next step, it was shown that the beam halo can be described by adding a supplementary Gaussian function to the standard single-Gaussian model, which currently is used by treatment planning systems (TPS). © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] QUESTION Is giving birth associated with improved subjective well-being among involuntarily childless women? SUMMARY ANSWER Resolution of infertility is associated with increased life satisfaction and self-esteem, but not with a decrease in depressive symptoms. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cross-sectional data and studies of treatment-seekers show that infertility is associated with lower subjective well-being. Childless women with infertility tend to report lower subjective well-being than women who experience secondary infertility, but a prospective study using a random sample of involuntarily childless women over time has not previously been conducted. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The sample for the current study includes all women without children who met medical criteria for infertility or perceived a fertility problem (N = 283) at baseline and who were interviewed in both waves (3 years apart) of the National Survey of Fertility Barriers (NSFB), in a random-digit dialing telephone survey. It is therefore National Institutes of Health. The authors have no competing interests. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] aegypti (L.) (Diptera Culicidae) is a diurnal feeder that lives in close association with human populations. It is the principal vector of yellow fever, dengue fever and the Zika Virus. Issues of arboviral diseases have been on the ascendency in most countries including Ghana where Aedes mosquito is the main vector of yellow fever. A comparative study of the biting behavior of Ae. aegypti and the identification of subspecies were undertaken using molecular technique. Standard human landing technique was used to collect both indoor and outdoor biting mosquitoes at three zones located in the Upper East (Bolgatanga), Upper West (Nadowli), and Northern (Damongo) Regions of Ghana during the dry and rainy seasons between 0600 and 1800 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). All collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically using taxonomic keys. random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction was used to categorize Ae. aegypti into subspecies. Adult female Aedes mosquitoes identified formed 62% (n = 1,206) of all female mosquitoes collected. Aedes aegypti 98% and Aedes vittatus 2% were the only Aedes species identified. Bolgatanga recorded the largest number of Ae. aegypti 42%, whereas Nadowli 22% recorded the least. Aedes vittatus was observed in Nadowli. selleckchem Aedes aegypti exhibited a bimodal biting behavior peaking at 0600-0800 GMT and 1500-1600 h GMT. Molecular findings revealed 69% Ae. aegypti aegypti and 31% Ae. aegypti formosus as the two subspecies (n = 110). This information is important for implementing effective vector control programs in the three regions of the northern Ghana. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Data on bone health and renal impairment in people with HIV in resource-limited settings are limited. The primary aim was to investigate the potential role of calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound in predicting bone mineral density (BMD) reduction in a population of Ugandan HIV+ individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART); the secondary endpoint was to assess the prevalence of proximal tubular dysfunction and the correlation among elevated urine retinol binding protein/creatinine ratio (uRBP/uCr) and reduced BMD. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. We included 101 HIV+ adults on continuous ART for ≥10 years that had undergone DXA scan during the previous 12 months. All patients underwent calcaneal quantitative ultrasound evaluation and urine samples collection. RESULTS DXA BMD measurements were significantly associated (p0.001) and total hip (p=0.002)] was observed. CONCLUSIONS Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound results showed a moderate correlation with DXA scan outputs.
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