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Viscoelastic Injury Traits associated with Concrete Blends Utilizing Fractional Rheology.
Compared to fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have the advantages of energy-saving and emission reduction and, hence, are widely accepted. As the policy has been withdrawn gradually, the development of new energy vehicles has slowed down. Under the double effect of positive factors, such as policy support and public opinion support and malpractice factors, this study explored the development status of new energy vehicles and the related problems. Based on the qualitative and quantitative perspective, the improved Lotka-Volterra model and the health assessment method are adopted, and the system dynamics, behavioral economics, and other methods are combined to establish the driving flow diagram of new energy vehicles to explore the source of the problem and the governance measures. The analysis results showed that the support strength of policy and public opinion decreases gradually. However, the primary factor restricting the development of new energy vehicles is still cost. Cadmium and chromium in the soil exceed the national heavy metal content standards of China, while the other five heavy metals in the analysis period did not exceed the national standards.Deltamethrin is a type-II pyrethroid synthetic insecticide that is extensively used for controlling mosquitoes, flies, pests, and insects worldwide. This study was carried out to evaluate the likelihood protective effects of rutin, a natural antioxidant, against deltamethrin-induced liver and kidney toxicities in rats. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were evaluated after the rats were treated orally with deltamethrin (1.28 mg/kg b.w.) alone or with rutin (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Deltamethrin administration caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level and a decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels in the both tissues. Deltamethrin also increased serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine levels, while reduced nephrine levels in rats. In addition, deltamethrin increased the activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, p38α MAPK, COX-2, iNOS, beclin-1, Bax, and caspase-3 protein levels and/or activities. Furthermore, deltamethrin increased mRNA expression levels of PARP-1, VEGF, and immunohistochemical expressions of c-fos in the tissues. Rutin treatment significantly improved all examined parameters and restored the liver and kidney histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations. These findings demonstrate that rutin could be used to ameliorate hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in deltamethrin-induced rats.To understand the characteristics of winter fine aerosol pollution in Beijing, we conducted continuous measurements of the atmospheric trace gas ammonia (NH3), PM2.5, and inorganic ions in PM2.5 at an urban site in Beijing from February 13 to March 17, 2015. The hourly average concentration of NH3 throughout the campaign was 15.4 ± 17.5 ppb. NH3 concentrations correlated well with NH4+ in PM2.5, indicating the dominant precursor role of NH3 on NH4+ formation. The diurnal profile indicated an increase in NH3 concentrations during the morning rush hours, which was likely due to vehicle emissions. The mean ammonium conversion ratio (NHR) was 0.26, with the highest value of 0.32 in the afternoon. Elevated NHR, nitrate oxidation ratio (NOR), and NH4+ coincided with the significant increase in O3 levels in the afternoon, indicating the large daytime formation of NH4NO3 via photochemical reactions. Moreover, higher NHR values occurred under higher relative humidity (RH >60%) and lower temperature (0-10 °C). NHR increased during the nighttime and correlated well with RH, indicating the dominant role of heterogeneous reactions on gas-particle partitioning. The sulfate oxidation ratio (SOR) and NOR showed positive correlations with RH, which suggests that the conversions of SO2 to SO42- and NO2 to NO3- were sensitive to changes in RH. The sustained increase in SO42- concentrations at RH >60% suggests that RH had a higher influence on SO42- formation than on NO3- formation. As the sole precursor of NH4+, NH3 significantly enhanced daytime NH4NO3 formation via homogeneous gas-phase reactions and also promoted sulfate formation via both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Moreover, the back trajectory results inferred a high contribution of southwestern air masses to atmospheric NH3 and NH4+ aerosol variations in Beijing. The result suggests the need for controlling the vehicle emissions to reduce the high levels of NH3 and alleviate PM2.5 pollution in winter in Beijing.The decreased efficiency of a photovoltaic panel due to temperature rise during high solar radiation is one of the major drawbacks. The efficiency drop is due to hotness, which restricts the conversion of incident sun rays into electricity by the silicon cells. GSK1363089 Thus, a photovoltaic panel has a negative temperature coefficient that increases the current but drops the voltage potential. In this work, water immersion cooling of the photovoltaic panel is studied to improve panel performance. The module is studied with and without water immersion in a tank made up of acrylic material. The photovoltaic (PV) efficiency is determined at different depths of water immersion (10 to 40 mm) inside the acrylic tank. The solar radiation and thermal and electrical parameters of PV are observed at an interval of 60 min, and besides, the solar radiation is also measured. The electrical efficiency without immersion is about 14.24% at solar radiation of about 725 W/m2. The photovoltaic panel was observed at a temperature of around 30 °C during the water immersion. The panel efficiency with an immersion depth of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm is approximately 15.02%, 15.54%, 14.58%, and 13.95%, respectively. The results show that the immersion of PV panels in tap water 20 mm increases the PV efficiency by 9.1% compared to the PV without water immersion. The presented experimental results are beneficial to the solar community to improve the PV performance without external power.The transition towards a modern cleaner energy pathway has been receiving global attention recently. Although nuclear energy has emerged as an alternative cleaner energy source and is receiving immense policy attention, however, the role of nuclear energy in the environmental degradation mitigation remains inconclusive in the extant literature. Therefore, this study examines the dynamic linkages between gross domestic product, foreign direct investment inflows, nuclear energy consumption, trade openness, and CO2 emissions for India within the environmental Kuznets curve framework over the period 1978-2019 through various robust econometric models that takes into consideration the presence of structural break in the data. The present study confirms the existence of an "inverted N shape" environmental Kuznets curve, a phenomenon rarely observed in environmental Kuznets curve literature for India. Besides, the predicted turnaround points of environmental Kuznets curve highlight that India has already reached the positive peak approximately by the year 2015.
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