Notes

Towards quantitative, atomic-resolution reconstruction from the electrostatic prospective by way of differential period contrast making use of electrons.
<ninth grade RRR (95% CI)= 0.30 (0.09-0.95)]. Living with smokers was associated with decreased likelihood of quitting [RRR (95% CI)= 0.45 (0.24-0.86)]. Having insurance was associated with quitting [RRR (95% CI)= 2.11 (1.18-3.76)] and becoming a daily smoker [RRR (95% CI)= 3.00 (1.39-6.48)].

Many Hispanic/Latino nondaily smokers became daily smokers, which may increase their risk of adverse health outcomes. Addressing different smoking patterns in primary care may be useful to prevent smoking-related diseases.
Many Hispanic/Latino nondaily smokers became daily smokers, which may increase their risk of adverse health outcomes. Addressing different smoking patterns in primary care may be useful to prevent smoking-related diseases.
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely impacted both health and the economy. Absent an effective vaccine, preventive measures used, some of which are being relaxed, have included school closures, restriction of movement, and banning of large gatherings. Our goal was to estimate the association of voter turnout with county-level COVID-19 risks.

We used publicly available data on voter turnout in the March 10 primary in three states, COVID-19 confirmed cases by day and county, and county-level census data. find more We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 incidence, adjusted for county-level population density and proportions over age 65 years, female, Black, with college education, with high school education, poor, obese, and smokers.

COVID-19 risk was associated with voter turnout, most strongly in Michigan during the week starting 3 days postelection (risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.33). For longer periods, the association was progressively weaker (risk ratio 0.98-1.03).

Despite increased absentee-ballot voting in the primary, our results suggest an association of voter turnout in at least one state with a detectable increase in risks associated with and perhaps due to greater exposures related to the primary.
Despite increased absentee-ballot voting in the primary, our results suggest an association of voter turnout in at least one state with a detectable increase in risks associated with and perhaps due to greater exposures related to the primary.
China has the world's largest burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there are few studies reported on the latest prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women in China. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Yunnan, which is a province with relatively high prevalence of blood-borne viruses.

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15,641 pregnant women who underwent routine antenatal screening for HBsAg in Yunnan between 2013 and 2016. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between HBV infection and risk factors.

Overall, 7.89% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.47%-8.31%) of the 15,641 pregnant women tested positive for HBsAg. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (≥35years old; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.43-2.59), Hani ethnicity (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.22-3.17), unemployed women (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.72), multigravidas (aOR, 1.21; 95% h an increased prevalence of HBV infection. High-risk pregnant women should be paid more attention during routine antenatal examination.
Oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was approved for use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2012. We used national pharmacy data to examine trends of PrEP use in U.S. counties from 2012 to 2018.

Using multi-level small-area spatio-temporal modeling, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in prevalence of PrEP use in the general population from 2012 to 2018. We also used a proxy measure for prevalence of PrEP use among men who have sex with men (MSM) to evaluate trends of use among MSM, the PrEP use-to-MSM ratio (PmR) or number of male PrEP users per 1000 MSM population.

The prevalence of PrEP use and PmR increased (EAPC range (+26.9%,+71.0%) and (+28.4%,+158.7%), respectively) in all counties with varying magnitude of increase. Counties of the Midwest and the upper South and upper West had the slowest increase in prevalence of PrEP use (EAPC range (+26.9%;+52.9%)). Counties of the northern part of the South had the lowest PmR (EAPC range (+28.4%;+76.0%)). Counties of the most populous core-based statistical areas had a relatively faster increase in population prevalence of PrEP use but slower increase in PmR.

All counties in the U.S. have witnessed an increase in PrEP use with important geographic variabilities. Identifying areas with slow improvement in PrEP use, as well as "model counties" with the fastest pace of progress in PrEP coverage, is critical to inform local and state-level policies and program evaluation for PrEP scale up, particularly among MSM at higher risk for HIV.
All counties in the U.S. have witnessed an increase in PrEP use with important geographic variabilities. Identifying areas with slow improvement in PrEP use, as well as "model counties" with the fastest pace of progress in PrEP coverage, is critical to inform local and state-level policies and program evaluation for PrEP scale up, particularly among MSM at higher risk for HIV.
This paper investigates whether motor-vehicle driver behavior changes when there are more bicycles on the road.

Data on trips on a rapidly expanding public bike share scheme in Chicago are combined with speed violations captured by a network of 79 cameras. Using weekly data from July 2014 to December 2016, violations at 26 sites where there was a considerable increase in bicycle traffic are compared with a control group of 53 locations where rental bicycles are not available.

An increase in rental bicycle usage is statistically related to a reduction in the number of speeding violations, with an estimated elasticity of -0.04.

The increased presence of bicyclists makes at least some motorists drive more cautiously. Practical Application This research provides some insight into the mechanism behind the observed reduction in crash rates as bicyclists become more numerous. Some motorists moderate their speeds allowing more time to avoid collisions and a reduction in the severity of the vehicle-bicyclist collisions that still occur.
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