Notes

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Hispanic adolescents experience high rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine adherence to a 16-week personalized exercise intervention and the perception of family support for exercise, benefits and barriers to exercise and overall health in Hispanic adolescents diagnosed with obesity or type 2 diabetes.

Using a secondary analysis of a larger feasibility trial, data from 21 Hispanic adolescents, 13 with T2D and 8 who were obese and 14 that completed the entire 16-week study (7 T2D; 7 obese) were analyzed. Adolescents wore an Actigraph™ accelerometer for tracking exercise throughout the 16-week intervention.

The adherence rate for the intervention was 59% for those with T2D and was 88% for those with obesity. Overall perceptions of health improved for those completing the 16-week intervention. Barriers to exercise were negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and were higher in those with T2D.

Adolescents with T2D were less adherent to their personalized exercise program than those who were obese.

Strategies that address cultural preferences and family engagement are needed to address barriers to exercise for Hispanic youth, particularly those already diagnosed with T2D that have high risks for early onset of disease complications.
Strategies that address cultural preferences and family engagement are needed to address barriers to exercise for Hispanic youth, particularly those already diagnosed with T2D that have high risks for early onset of disease complications.
Youth in foster care are at greater risk for engaging in sexual behaviors that increase their odds of experiencing negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. learn more The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe challenges faced by female African American adolescents in foster care as they tried to protect themselves from SRH risks and protective beliefs and behaviors to avoid these risks.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 female African American adolescents, ages 18-20years, with a history of foster care placement during adolescence. Purposive sampling was done to recruit participants from a metropolitan area in Virginia. Transcribed interviews underwent inductive thematic analysis. This paper focuses on the theme of protection from SRH risks and its subthemes of challenges that made it difficult to avoid sexual risks and protective beliefs and behaviors that facilitated avoidance of those risks.

Participants reported yearning for connection, partners' desire to not use condoms, and judgmental caregivers as challenges. Protective beliefs and behaviors included open communication with their caregivers about SRH, abstinence, contraceptive use, and participants' desire to be healthy.

Study findings shed light on protective beliefs and behaviors female youth in foster care used to safeguard themselves from negative SRH outcomes. Youth at times lacked agency in sexual decision-making and contraceptive use.

Findings highlight the importance of sexual relationships and partner communication related to contraceptive use, and offering trauma-informed interventions, including culturally sensitive counseling regarding long acting reversible contraception.
Findings highlight the importance of sexual relationships and partner communication related to contraceptive use, and offering trauma-informed interventions, including culturally sensitive counseling regarding long acting reversible contraception.
A child's hospitalization is often associated with stress that is exacerbated when the child is left unaccompanied by parents/caregivers. Parental presence, as part of a family-centered approach to care, is a strategy to mitigate the stressors and negative effects of hospitalization. However, due to a variety of circumstances, some children continue to remain unaccompanied in the hospital. This integrative review explored the phenomenon of unaccompanied hospitalized children.

Relevant articles available in full-text and written in English were identified through electronic searches of CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO and through hand searches of reference lists.

Eleven studies were included, analyzed, and synthesized into themes. Study quality was assessed using Bowling and Pearson's appraisal checklists.

Distress of hospitalized children is evident when children are unaccompanied in the hospital and left to experience the stressors of hospitalization alone. The compounding effects of hospitalization and t effects resulting from separation and hospitalization.
Current methods for estimating infant crying time are potentially subject to error as they rely on parents to contemporaneously log and calculate crying time. Our aim was to present the average daily infant crying times from a digital recording device, not dependent on parent-based measurement.

We conducted a descriptive longitudinal survey of infant crying times. Parents of healthy, term newborns were provided with voice-activated digital recording devices and asked to record infants continuously for randomly selected 24-hour periods during a 4 week time period. We analyzed the daily crying time for infants at different weeks of life.

Of 136 families approached, 28 (20.5%) families were consented with 3 families withdrawing and 5 families submitting incomplete datasets, leaving a total of 20 families with complete datasets. During the first week of life, the mean crying time was about 25 minutes/day, which remained stable for the next few weeks until five weeks of life, when mean crying time increased to almost 40 minutes/day with increasing variance.

In our study sample, infant mean daily crying times based on objective data were much less than estimates in recent studies.

This study suggests daily crying times measured by digital recorders are less than daily crying times based on parent diaries published in the literature. With the development of new 'apps' to record duration times, it may be clinically inappropriate to compare data based on digital recorders with norms from studies that use parent-reported crying times.
This study suggests daily crying times measured by digital recorders are less than daily crying times based on parent diaries published in the literature. With the development of new 'apps' to record duration times, it may be clinically inappropriate to compare data based on digital recorders with norms from studies that use parent-reported crying times.
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