Notes

Reduce miR-26a levels inside breastmilk have an effect on gene expression inside adipose muscle regarding offspring.
30), unemployment (p=0.02, OR 2.65 (C.I 1.23-5.88) and suicidal ideation (p=0.04, OR 3.36, (C.I 1.04-10.89).

The MDQ is less sensitive than some of the longer measures, especially in the general population. Some between-group comparisons may have suffered from limited power.

The lifetime prevalence of BD in England was similar to rates worldwide. Most people with BD had not received any specific treatment for the condition in the last year, while 1 in 7 had requested specific help but did not receive it. Secondary mental health services in England for BD appear suboptimal.
The lifetime prevalence of BD in England was similar to rates worldwide. Most people with BD had not received any specific treatment for the condition in the last year, while 1 in 7 had requested specific help but did not receive it. Secondary mental health services in England for BD appear suboptimal.
The hippocampus has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both adults and youth. However, possible sources of variability for the hippocampus have not been well delineated. Here, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal volume in youth with MDD.

Twenty-two controls (9 male, 13 female, 12-24 years), 24 youth with MDD and normal BMI (12 male, 12 female, 14-24 years), and 20 youth with MDD and high BMI (14 male, 6 female, 13-22 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Hippocampal volume was determined through manual tracing of high-resolution anatomical T1 scans, and LCModel quantified neurochemical concentrations. Intracranial volume was used as a covariate in analysis to control for effects of brain volume on hippocampus.

In youth with MDD and normal BMI, right hippocampal volume was reduced (p=0.006, Bonferroni) and a trend for reduced left hippocampal volume was noted when compared to healthy controls (p=0.054, Bonferroni). Left hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with BMI in youth with MDD and high BMI group (r = -0.593, p=0.006). No associations were found between the right hippocampus and BMI and there were no group differences for metabolite concentrations.

Larger sample sizes would enable researchers to explore overweight vs obese groups and effect of sex in MDD-BMI groups.

BMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.
BMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.
The manifold consequences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-documented. Recent research has demonstrated that sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) typically encounter ACEs more often than cisgender heterosexual individuals. Given the higher exposure rate, the measurement of frequency of exposure to traumatic events may be relevant for SGMs.

We changed the response options of the ACEs index from dichotomous to a five-point Likert scale that described frequency of exposure. As part of a larger community-based participatory research study, the Likert ACEs measure was distributed to a large and diverse sample of SGM participants in San Antonio.

A cross-validation design demonstrated that the Likert ACEs scores outperformed the traditional ACEs index in predicting self-reported anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Half of the SGMs in this sample experienced 3 or more ACEs, compared to only 10% of Americans in a nationally representative sample.

These analyses were based on retrospective self-report data instead of structured clinical interviews. Since only the Likert ACEs was administered, we had to assume that any response other than "never" on Likert ACEs corresponded to "yes" on the ACEs Index.

Future research may assess the utility of the Likert ACEs approach with other minoritized or intersectional populations. For clinical practitioners, these results suggest that a better way to measure ACEs for SGMs is to ask them how often they were exposed, rather than asking whether they were exposed.
Future research may assess the utility of the Likert ACEs approach with other minoritized or intersectional populations. For clinical practitioners, these results suggest that a better way to measure ACEs for SGMs is to ask them how often they were exposed, rather than asking whether they were exposed.One-carbon metabolism (1CM) supports multiple biological functions, providing 1C units for nucleotide synthesis, epigenetic maintenance, and redox regulation. Selleck FRAX486 Although much has been deciphered about the relationship between disruption of 1CM and various diseases, our understanding of 1CM's involvement in the regulation of the immune system is only now evolving. In this review, we summarize key checkpoints of 1CM pathways that govern cellular activities. We also report on recent findings regarding the role of 1CM in T cells and discuss several promising avenues requiring future investigation.This study reports on an epigenetic biomarker for restless leg syndrome (RLS) developed using whole genome DNA methylation data. Lymphocyte-derived DNA methylation was examined in 15 subjects with and without RLS (discovery cohort). T-tests and linear regressions were used followed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The principal component model from the discovery cohort was used to predict RLS status in a peripheral blood (N = 24; including 12 cases and 12 controls) and a post-mortem neural tissue (N = 71; including 36 cases and 35 controls) replication cohort as well as iron deficiency anemia status in a publicly available dataset (N = 71, 59 cases with iron deficiency anemia, 12 controls). Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis the optimum biomarker model - that included 49 probes - predicted RLS status in the blood-based replication cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.5% (confidence interval = 71.9%-100%). In the neural tissue samples, the model predicted RLS status with an AUC of 73.4% (confidence interval = 61.5%-85.3%). An AUC of 83% was found for predictions of iron deficiency anemia. Thus, the blood-based biomarker model reported here and built with epigenome-wide data showed reasonable replicability in lymphocytes and neural tissue samples. A limitation of this study is that we could not determine the metabolic or neurobiological pathways linking epigenetic changes with RLS. Further research is needed to fine-tune this model for prospective predictions of RLS and to enable translation for clinical use.
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