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Doping in sports activity and workout: anabolic, ergogenic, health insurance and clinical issues.
To explore the complex factors influencing the implementation of cultural competency frameworks for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within rural, Victorian, mainstream health and community service organisations.

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with key individuals from 20 public health and community services in rural Victoria who had participated in the Koolin Balit Aboriginal Health Cultural Competence Project (KB-AHCC project). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and a content analysis was undertaken. The findings informed the selection of six case study sites for more in-depth analysis. Following this, an expert reference group provided feedback on the findings. Findings from the different data were triangulated to identify eight factors.

Key factors acting as barriers and/or enablers to implementing cultural competence frameworks were comprehensive, structured tools; project workers; communication; organisational responsibility for implementation; prioritising organisational cultural competence resourcing; resistance to focussing on one group of people; and accountability.

Embedding cultural competence frameworks within rural, mainstream health and community services requires sustained government resourcing, prioritisation and formal accountability structures. Implications for public health Findings will inform and guide the future development, implementation and evaluation of organisational cultural competence projects for rural public health and community services.
Embedding cultural competence frameworks within rural, mainstream health and community services requires sustained government resourcing, prioritisation and formal accountability structures. Implications for public health Findings will inform and guide the future development, implementation and evaluation of organisational cultural competence projects for rural public health and community services.
To assess platelet function, buccal mucosal bleeding time and plasma von Willebrand factor concentration in dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease and to compare results with those obtained in healthy dogs.

Preliminary study including 18 dogs with chronic inflammatory and/or fibrotic liver disease undergoing liver biopsy and 18 healthy age-matched control dogs. Platelet function was assessed by measuring closure time with the PFA-100® analyser using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as an agonist. Buccal mucosal bleeding time, closure time and plasma von Willebrand factor antigen were measured in dogs in both groups. After undergoing ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, dogs were monitored for haemorrhage to determine if there was an association of any measurement with post-biopsy bleeding.

The closure time was not different between the liver disease group (median 76.3; range 53 to 118.5seconds) and control group (72.8; 57 to 89.5seconds). The buccal mucosal bleeding time was longer in the lhibited bleeding complications post-biopsy procedure.
To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI), graph-theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Forty HIV-positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T-lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV-RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs. controls) as well as for associations with biochemical variables (HIV only). Finally, all data (global and local graph-theoretical measures, disruption indices, and biochemical variables) were tested for putative differences across three patient groups based on the duration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Brain function of HIV patients appeared to be deeply reorganized as compared to normal controls. The disruption index showed significant negative association with relative CD4 values, and a positive significant association between plasmatic HIV-RNA and local graph-theoretical metrics in the left lingual gyrus and the right lobule IV and V of right cerebellar hemisphere was also observed. Finally, a differential distribution of HIV clinical biomarkers and several brain metrics was observed across cART duration groups.

Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.
Our study demonstrates that rs-fMRI combined with advanced graph theoretical analysis and disruption indices is able to detect early and subtle functional changes of brain networks in HIV patients.The journals of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research [JBMR] and its sister journal JBMR Plus) recognize peer review, whether pre- or post-publication, as an essential guard of scientific integrity and rigor that shapes academic discourse in our field. In this Perspective, we present a vision and philosophy of peer review in a rapidly changing publishing landscape. We emphasize the importance of journal peer reviewers as active players in shaping collegial behavior in the musculoskeletal research community and provide information about benefits and resources available for reviewers and reviewers-in-training. Publishing is becoming increasingly transparent, bringing benefits to authors, to reviewers, and to the scientific community at large. We discuss new initiatives such as transparent peer review and preprint servers, the ways they are changing scientific publishing, and how JBMR is responding to broaden the impact of musculoskeletal research. check details We emphasize the need to change any perception of peer reviewers as gatekeepers to viewing them as shepherds, who partner with authors and editors in the publishing endeavor. Promoting access, transparency, and collegiality in the way we assess science in our community will elevate its quality, clarify its communication, and increase its societal impact. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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