Notes

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Pharmacists who had practiced for many years (P= 0.002) and pharmacists who discussed safe opioid disposal and storage regularly (P= 0.002) reported a higher likelihood of using the handout. Pharmacists were much more likely to counsel patients on opioid risks and safety using this handout for a long-term opioid prescription than for a short-term opioid prescription.

A participatory research design successfully refined a handout for opioid risks and safety counseling, which the majority of pharmacists evaluated as feasible and useful for community pharmacists.
A participatory research design successfully refined a handout for opioid risks and safety counseling, which the majority of pharmacists evaluated as feasible and useful for community pharmacists.
Working conditions within community pharmacy can impact pharmacists and their ability to provide safe patient care. The objective of this study was to determine pharmacists' perceptions of working conditions while controlling for respondent (years of experience, degree, work status) and workplace variables (prescription volume, type of community setting).

This mixed-methods study used a cross-sectional survey to investigate community pharmacists' perceptions of company climate (at the store level, corporate level, as well as fear of discipline), workflow issues, and career satisfaction. Items utilized a seven-point Likert-type response format (1= strongly disagree to 7= strongly agree). Linear regression was used to assess relationships between perceptions and years of experience, degree, work status, prescription volume, and type of community setting. A free-response question captured perceptions of safety concerns. An adapted version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality integrative model ofrove working conditions is warranted.
Company climate and workflow were perceived negatively in all community settings but were perceived the most negatively by those working in chain pharmacies. A majority of pharmacists feared being disciplined for addressing safety concerns with management, which may be detrimental to patient safety. Further research on how to improve working conditions is warranted.
Surgical counting is a complex and safety-critical task that requires sustained attention by multiple members of the surgical team in order to prevent the occurrence of an unintentionally retained foreign object. Interruptions and distractions in the operating room are common and can negatively affect task performance. Crenolanib However, the prevalence and sources of interruptions and distractions during safety-critical tasks, such as surgical counting, have not previously been quantified. An understanding of the characteristics of these events could be used to inform targeted improvements to patient safety.

Observations were conducted of surgical procedures in order to quantify and describe interruptions and distractions during surgical counting activities. Analysis was separated into phases the initial count, additions to the surgical field, removals from the surgical field, and closure counts.

Thirty-six surgical procedures were observed. Interruptions occurred in 10.0% of initial counts, 15.4% of additions, 23.5% of removals, and 33.3% of closure counts observed. The source of 80.4% of interruptions was a surgeon, usually asking the scrub nurse for an item. Distractions were present in 46.7% of initial counts, 38.5% of additions, 41.2% of removals, and 40.9% of closure counts observed. Common sources of distraction included music, conversations, people entering and exiting the theater, and ringing phones.

Interruptions and distractions are common during surgical counts and can significantly affect patient safety by jeopardizing the accuracy of the count. A number of suggestions are provided that could reduce interruptions and distractions and their consequences.
Interruptions and distractions are common during surgical counts and can significantly affect patient safety by jeopardizing the accuracy of the count. A number of suggestions are provided that could reduce interruptions and distractions and their consequences.
Transgender women with intact gonads receive lifelong hormonal treatment to suppress physiologic androgen production, the optimal efficacious and safe cyproterone acetate (CPA) dose has not been established.

To assess the effectiveness and safety of low-dose (10-20 mg/day) compared with high-dose (50-100 mg/day) CPA treatment.

We conducted a historical cohort study of transgender women treated at a tertiary center for transgender health.

Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, gonadotrophins, liver enzymes, and lipids.

There were 38 transgender women in the low-dose group and 26 in the high-dose group. Age (median 24.9 years, interquartile range [IQR] 21-30 vs 25 years, IQR 19-35) and follow-up time (median 12 months, IQR 6-23 vs 15 months, IQR 12-36) were similar in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. Serum gonadotropins and testosterone were suppressed to a similar level at all time points in both groups. Prolactin levels increased significantly in both groups, however, with a1;181292-1298.
Female sexual dysfunction, including female orgasm disorder, has been reported following mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery to treat bothersome stress urinary incontinence. Anterior vaginal wall-female periurethral tissue (AVW-FPT) likely contains autonomic and sensory innervation involved in the female sexual response, and injury to these nerves may result from MUS implantation.

To characterize, using fresh cadaveric tissue, autonomic and sensory nerves in AVW- FPT using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to assess their proximity to an implanted MUS.

AVW-FPT was excised following careful dissection from four fresh cadavers. Prior to dissection, one cadaver underwent simulation of the MUS procedure by a urogynegologist, using a fascial sling. All samples were paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin. Serial sectioning and IHC were performed to identify nerves. IHC markers were used to characterize the sensory and autonomic innervation.

IHC localization of autonomic and sensory nerve markers consistent with neural tissue within the region of MUS implantation.
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