Notes

Citywide serosurveillance from the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak throughout San Francisco.
Double immunofluorescence assay indicated that the number of BM-EPC was significantly higher in TPO-treated group than in the control group. The TPO-treated BM-EPCs exhibited stronger tube-formation and migration abilities (
< 0.05) and more significantly enhanced the proliferation of co-cultured human megakaryocytes than the control cells (
< 0.05).

TPO can directly stimulate megakaryopoiesis and reduce hemorrhage via protecting the function of BM-EPCs in patients following chemotherapy for hematological malignancies.
TPO can directly stimulate megakaryopoiesis and reduce hemorrhage via protecting the function of BM-EPCs in patients following chemotherapy for hematological malignancies.
To investigate the difference of tumor formation in different mouse strains bearing patient-derived xenograft of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and establish a better animal model for preclinical study of individualized treatment of ESCC.

The tumor tissues collected from 22 ESCC patients were used to establish tumor-bearing mouse models in B-NDG
(NSG) mice and BALB/c nude mice. The tumor formation rate and tumor formation time were compared between the two mouse models, and HE staining, immunohistochemistry and genome sequencing were carried out to assess the consistency between transplanted tumor tissues in the models and patient-derived tumor tissues.

The tumor-bearing models were established successfully in both NSG mice (50%, 11/22) and BALB/c nude mice (18.18%, 4/22). The average tumor formation time was significantly shorter in NSG mice than in BALB/c nude mice (75.95
91.67 days,
< 0.001). In both of the mouse models, the transplanted tumors maintained morphological characteristics identical to those of patient-derived ESCC tumors. Genetic analysis showed that the xenografts in NSG mice had a greater genetic similarity to the patients' tumors than those in BALB/c nude mice (
< 0.0001).

Mouse models bearing xenografts of patient-derived ESCC can be successfully established in both NSG mice and BALB/c nude mice, but the models in the former mouse strain can be more reliable.
Mouse models bearing xenografts of patient-derived ESCC can be successfully established in both NSG mice and BALB/c nude mice, but the models in the former mouse strain can be more reliable.
To investigate the effect of orthodontic traction on the microstructure of dental enamel.

Forty-eight isolated premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups (
=8), including Group A (blank control group), in which the teeth were bonded with the orthodontic brackets without any loading force; Groups B1, B2, and B3 where the teeth were bonded with the orthodontic brackets using clinical adhesives and loaded with 50 g force for 6 months, 200 g force for 6 months, and 200 g force for 1 month, respectively; and Groups C1 and C2, where the teeth were bonded with straight wire brackets using light curing bonding and chemical curing bonding techniques, respectively. All the teeth were embedded with non-decalcified epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze interface morphology and elemental composition of the teeth sliced with a hard tissue microtome.

Compared with those in Group A, the teeth in the other 5 groups showed increased adhesive residue index with microcracks and void structures on the enamel surface under SEM; AFM revealed microcracks on the enamel surface with angles to the grinding direction. A larger loading force on the bracket resulted in more microcracks on the enamel interface. The interface roughness differed significantly between Groups A and C2, and the peak-to-valley distance differed significantly between Groups A, C, and C2.

Orthodontic traction can cause changes in the microstructure of normal dental enamel.
Orthodontic traction can cause changes in the microstructure of normal dental enamel.
To investigate the clinical and immunological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of common variable immune deficiency (CVID) in adult patients.

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 13 adult patients hospitalized in our hospital for CVID diagnosed according to the criteria in International Consensus Document (2016), and analyzed their clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging findings, pathological examinations and treatments.

The mean age of onset was 24.46±16.82 years in these patients, who had a mean age of 32.54±14.86 years at diagnosis with a median diagnostic delay of 5 years (IQR 2-15 years). The main manifestation of the patients was repeated infections, including repeated respiratory tract infection (10 cases; 76.9%) and repeated diarrhea (3 cases; 23.1%). Three (23.1%) of the patients had autoimmune disease and 10 (76.9%) had chronic pulmonary disease. 2,3cGAMP IgG, IgA and IgM were decreased in all the patients. The proportion of CD4+T cells decreased in 10 patients (7nt of CVID currently relies on gamma globulin with symptomatic treatments for the complications.ObjectiveTo study the cultural beliefs of medical students and its relationship with depression.MethodA questionnaire survey was conducted among 977 medical students using the Chinese Traditional Culture Belief Scale (CTCBS) and Nine Item-Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).ResultsThe total score of medical students' cultural belief was 48.34± 7.31, and 54.4% of them had clear cultural belief. Cultural belief did not differ significantly among the medical students with different genders, places of residence or economic status, but those with ideals and beliefs had significantly higher cultural belief than those without (48.87±7.40 vs 47.09±6.95, P < 0.001). Cultural belief was negatively correlated to depression among the medical students (r=-0.215, P < 0.001), and those with a high-level cultural belief had lower levels of depression (6.09±3.88 vs 7.42 ± 3.82 vs 9.00 ± 4.90, P < 0.001). The total and all the dimensions scores of CTCBS of the students without depressive symptoms were significantly higher than those in students with depressive symptoms. The medical students with lower cultural beliefs had a higher positive rate for depression screening (37.8% vs 18.8% vs 12.2%).ConclusionMedical students have a high level of cultural beliefs. Strong culture beliefs are beneficial to relieve depression symptoms and reduce the incidence rate of depression. Chinese traditional culture education should be strengthened in the quality education of medical students.
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