Notes

Chemistry- Matter
Chemical VS Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Reactions with acid
Combustibility
Physical Properties
Colour
Texture
Odour
Taste
Lustre
Clarity
Ductility – the ability to be pulled into wires
Malleability- the ability to be pushed or hammered into different shapes
Chemical VS Physical Changes
Chemical
Permanent change in colour
Gas or bubbles form
Precipitate forms in liquid
Light or heat is absorbed or released
Not reversible
Physical
Changes in state
Changes in shape
Dissolve
Reversible
WHMIS- Workplace Hazardous Material Information System
Classifying Matter
Pure Substance: One substance
Solution: a homogenous mixture that looks like one
Mixture: a heterogeneous mixture that looks as though as it is made of multiple parts
Compounds: a pure substance made of one or more elements
Pure Substance vs. Compound
Pure substance is made of one element and one substance, compound is made up of one or more elements.
Heterogeneous VS Homogenous
Heterogenous- Looks like it is made up of more than one part
Homogenous- Looks like one part
Subatomic Particles
Protons, Neutrons, Electrions
ION: an atom that has become charged by gaining or losing one or more electron to fill its outer orbital
Valence Electron
The number of electrons in the outer orbital
Organizing elements
Alkali Metals
Very reactive
Metallic
1 valence electron
Opaque
Alkali Earth Metals
2 Valence electrons
Found on earth
Metallic
Opaque
Solid
Halogens
Non reactive non metal
7 valence electron
Gas
Translucent or transparent
Noble Gases
Very stable
Gas
Translucent
8 valence electrons
Density
D=M/V
Isotopes
Elements with the same number of protons but different mass due to different number of neutrons
Physics- Electricity
Static Electricity
Electricity that does not move from where it was charged
Charging
Friction
Contact
Induction
Laws of electric charges
Like charges repel
Unlike charges attract
Insulators vs. Conductors
Insulator: a material that blocks electricity from passing
Does not allow electrons to flow from one atom to another
Conductor: any substance that allows electrons to move freely from one atom to another
Inducted Charge Separation- Explained in diagrams
Current Electricity
Current electricity flows while static electricity does not
Circuit diagrams
Battery
Loads
Resistor
Light bulb
Switch
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Series Circuit
Only one path for the electrons to flow
Parallel Circuit
More than one path for the electrons to flow
Voltmeters
Measures potential difference
Potential difference is the amount of energy a batter has to push the electrons across a circuit
Attached in PARRALELL
SI unit: V – Volt
Ammeter
Measures current
Current is how much electrons are flowing through a circuit
Attached in series
SI unit: A – Amperes
Ohm’s Law
V=IxR
Graph of voltage vs. current, resistance is voltage over current
States that the resistance is always proportional to the voltage and current
Ohmic Resistors
Any load that will not change the resistance regardless of change in current or voltage
Series VS Parallel circuits
Series
Vtotal=V1+v2+v3…
Itotal=I1=I2=I3…
Rtotal=R1+R2+R3…
Parallel
Vtotal=V1=V2=V3…
Itotal=I1+I2+I3…
Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3…
Electrical energy
Energy that is given off through electric charges
Energy: anything that allows us to move.
E=IxTxdeltaT
E=PxT
Electrical Power
The rate at which electrical energy is being used
P=E/T
P=VxT
Percentage Efficiency
%efficiency=(output energy/Input energy) x 100%