Notes

Motivation to get COVID-19 vaccine amid grownups along with chronic illnesses inside the Empire involving Saudi Arabic.
operative dry eye is relatively common in patients who undergo corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia, especially in patients who have a history of CL wear and a high diopter level before surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out preoperative screening and timely treatment of dry eye to obtain the best treatment outcome and postoperative satisfaction.
Preoperative dry eye is relatively common in patients who undergo corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia, especially in patients who have a history of CL wear and a high diopter level before surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out preoperative screening and timely treatment of dry eye to obtain the best treatment outcome and postoperative satisfaction.
To evaluate the atherogenic indices and the relationship with visual acuity and bilateral sequential involvement in patients with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

A total of 65 patients with NAION and 48 age-sex matched healthy individuals were included in this retrospective study. The demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of the patients and control subjects were obtained from the electronic medical records. The atherogenic indices were calculated using the lipid parameters. The association between visual acuity, bilateral sequential involvement, and atherogenic indices was investigated.

The mean age was 63.8±12.5y in the NAION group and 64.7±10.1y in control group (
=0.707). Although there were no significant differences in terms of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) between two groups (
=0.089, 0.091), all the non-traditional serum lipid ratios were significantly higher in NAION group (
<0.05). In the NAION subgroup analysis, with visual acuity≤20/200 had higher TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c, and non-HDL-c/HDL-c values than the patients in the NAION group with visual acuity >20/200 (
=0.032, 0.025, 0.032, respectively). The values for the atherogenic indices were higher in NAION patients with bilateral sequential involvement in comparison to those with unilateral involvement (
=0.271, 0.127, 0.197, 0.128, 0.127, respectively).

The study reveals a relationship between NAION and the non-traditional lipid ratios. Atherogenic indices may predict the visual loss severity and second eye involvement in patients with NAION.
The study reveals a relationship between NAION and the non-traditional lipid ratios. Atherogenic indices may predict the visual loss severity and second eye involvement in patients with NAION.
To evaluate the peripheral arterial filling time (PAFT) and venous filling time (VFT) in eyes without known diseases that may influence filling process using ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA), and to review the peripheral retina fluorescence features.

A total of 30 eyes of 30 patients were retrospectively reviewed in this observational study. UWF-FA was performed using Optos 200Tx. PAFT and VFT was recorded. The interval between the arterial or venous filling completion and the previous photo was documented. The appearance of the far peripheral retina was described as either granular background fluorescence or mottled fluorescent band or vascular leakage. Terminal vascular patterns was described as loop pattern or branching pattern. Microvascular abnormalities such as arteriovenous shunting, vessels crossing the horizontal raphe, right angle vessels, terminal networks, capillary nonperfusion, drusen or microaneurysms were evaluated.

The normal limits of PAFT was 3.397-8.984s and 4.399-1re various manifestations in the peripheral retina of normal eyes.
To quantitatively analyze the retinal intermediate and deep capillary plexus (ICP and DCP) in patients with retinal deep vascular complex ischemia (RDVCI), using 3D projection artifacts removal (3D PAR) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

RDVCI patients and gender- and age-matched healthy controls were assessed and underwent OCTA examinations. The parafoveal vessel density (PFVD) of retinal deep vascular complex (DVC), ICP, and DCP were analyzed, and the percentage of reduction (PR) of PFVD was calculated.

Twenty-four eyes in 22 RDVCI patients (20 in acute phase and 4 in chronic phase) and 24 eyes of 22 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. Significant reduction of PFVD in DVC, ICP, and DCP was observed in comparison with the controls (DVC acute 43.59%±6.58%
49.92%±5.49%, PR=12.69%; chronic 43.50%±3.33%
51.20%±3.80%, PR=15.04%. ICP acute 40.28%±7.91%
46.97%±7.14%, PR=14.23%; chronic 41.48%±2.87%
46.43%±3.29%, PR=10.66%. DCP acute 45.44%±8.27%
51.51%±9.97%, PR=11.79%; chronic 37.78%±3.48%
51.73%±5.17%, PR=26.97%; all
<0.05). No significant PR difference was found among DVC, ICP, and DCP of RDVCI in acute phase (
=0.812), but significant difference in chronic phase (
=0.006, DVC
DCP, ICP
DCP). No significant difference in PR between acute and chronic phases in the DVC (
=0.735) or ICP (
=0.681) was found, but significant difference in the DCP (
=0.041).

The PFVD of DVC, ICP, and DCP in RDVCI is significantly decreased in both acute and chronic phases. ICP impairment is stabilized from acute to chronic phase in RDVCI, whereas subsequent DCP impairment is uncovered and can be explained by ischemia-reperfusion damage.
The PFVD of DVC, ICP, and DCP in RDVCI is significantly decreased in both acute and chronic phases. ICP impairment is stabilized from acute to chronic phase in RDVCI, whereas subsequent DCP impairment is uncovered and can be explained by ischemia-reperfusion damage.
To present the frequency of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in cataract patients who taking alpha 1-a receptor antagonist (ARA) drugs, and evaluate the predictive value of pupil diameter (PD) changes in IFIS patients.

Male cataract patients who are under treatment with alpha-1a-ARAs (alfuzosin, tamsulosin) intraoperatively were evaluated and were grouped as with/without IFIS. selleck inhibitor The preoperative PD values were compared with controls. Also, the intraoperative manipulations and early/late complications were recorded.

A total of 77 patients (77 eyes) of 94 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients have been defined as IFIS (81.91%) and 40 patients (40 eyes) were taking tamsulosin and 37 patients (37 eyes) were taking alfuzosin. During the cataract surgery, the rate of posterior capsular rupture (
=0.754), vitreous loss (
=0.585), iris tears (
=0.004), and iris catching (
=0.000) were higher in IFIS group, but the difference was significant only in the iris catching. At the postoperative first-month visit, persistent IOP rise and iris stromal tears were more frequent in IFIS group, but the difference was not significant (
=0.
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