Notes

Neighborhood composition associated with water fungus infection over the thawing Arctic.
41) and the highest important species index (41.15). The diversity (H') and richness index of the intermediate season were found to be highest due to favourable physico-chemical conditions. Within the referred seasonal cluster, the wet and dry seasons were almost similar in terms of species abundance, while the intermediate season was distinct, with high species diversity backed by ANOSIM analysis results. Copepod and bivalves formed one group with a common similarity level of 0.80. The CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) model established that abiotic factors, especially turbidity, NO2, rainfall, dissolved oxygen and pH were significantly correlated with abundance of individual groups of zooplankton. Zooplankton assemblage and abundance in Lawas were found to be very rich in multiple seasons, indicating that the productivity of uninterrupted seagrass habitat might be high and the system rich in biodiversity.
The genus
belongs to the order Cypriniformes and family Nemacheilidae. Nichols (1925) set up the genus as a subgenus of
by the type species of
. Currently, it is recognised as a valid genus. Nineteen valid species have been already reported in the drainage of the Yellow, Yangtze, Pearl, Lancang, Red and Nujiang Rivers.
,
,
and
are distributed in the Yangtze River drainage in China.
is mainly distributed in the Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River. The remaining species are mainly distributed in the rivers of Yunnan Province.

sp. nov., a new species, is described from the Guanhe River of the HanJiang River drainage (a tributary of the Yangtze River), Xixia County, Henan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters the vertical brown bars on the body are wider than their interspaces, numbering 19-22; predorsal body partially scaled; the lateral line complete; adipose crest on caudal peduncle not reaching forward; the position of the anal-fin origin and the intestinal form. Bavdegalutamide cost The new species displays distinct molecular divergence in the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and Cytochrome b (Cyt
) genes.
Homatula guanheensis sp. nov., a new species, is described from the Guanhe River of the HanJiang River drainage (a tributary of the Yangtze River), Xixia County, Henan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters the vertical brown bars on the body are wider than their interspaces, numbering 19-22; predorsal body partially scaled; the lateral line complete; adipose crest on caudal peduncle not reaching forward; the position of the anal-fin origin and the intestinal form. The new species displays distinct molecular divergence in the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes.
Vitiligo is an acquired progressive melanocytopenia of unknown cause. It manifests clinically as well circumscribed depigmented macules and patches often associated with poliosis. AIM To determine the pattern of presentation of patients with vitiligo in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Records of patients managed for vitiligo over a 5-year period between December 2014- December 2019 were retrieved and the following information extracted socio-demographic data of patients, duration of symptom, pattern of vitiligo, distribution, and percentage body surface area of affectation. SPSS version 21 was used to tabulate and analyze the data. The continuous data were presented as means and categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.

There were 52 patients with vitiligo amongst 1600 new cases seen over the 5year period constituting a prevalence of 3.3%. The male to female ratio was 11.1. The Median (IQR) of the age at presentation was 29.5 (14.75-49.50). The ders almost equally. Generalized vitiligo remains the commonest form of vitiligo and the face and extremities are the most commonly affected sites. Furthermore, the prevalence of vitiligo has not changed in the last 20 years.Three species of Spinoncaea Böttger-Schnack, 2003 are newly recorded in three locations of the equatorial and temperate Pacific Ocean collected by using a net of 60 μm mesh size. For all three species, morphological characters and patterns of ornamentation were analyzed in detail and illustrations of both sexes, also including form variants of the females, are provided. For the first time, information about the variability of various continuous (morphometric) characters are given, such as the spine lengths on the rami of the swimming legs or the proportions of urosomites. The complementary morphological descriptions of the Pacific specimens focus on similarities or modifications of characters as compared to earlier descriptions of these species from the type locality and various other localities. For S. ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), originally but insufficiently described from the Adriatic Sea, the Pacific material is similar in most aspects to the comprehensive redescription of the species from the Red Sea and frI (barcoding) for all three species. The applicability of using COI amplification for barcoding of oncaeid copepods is discussed.Ecuador, despite having taken aggressive and early measures to stop the progression of the pandemic (COVID-19), ended up becoming an epicenter of the pandemic in Latin America, and with the collapse of its health care system. The authors describe three patients who had confirmed COVID-19 and met the criteria for hospital admission but could not be assigned a hospital bed in a resource-limited country. The patients included a 72-year-old male, an 82-year-old female, and a 56-year-old male. They typically presented with fever, dyspnea, loss of taste and smell, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Oxygen saturation during the initial evaluation ranged from 80-89%. Laboratory results reported lymphopenia and neutrophilia, with leukocytosis in two patients. Inflammatory markers were also elevated for all three patients. CT scan findings showed bilateral ground-glass pulmonary opacities. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in all three patients by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Home-based treatment was established.
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