Notes

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The results were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test.

There was no statistically significant difference between Groups I, II, and III in terms of inflammation, tissue damage, and hard tissue formation for all the three observation periods (
> 0.05).

Simvastatin and atorvastatin with α-TCP were found to be effective in inducing dentin bridge formation which was comparable to MTA.
Simvastatin and atorvastatin with α-TCP were found to be effective in inducing dentin bridge formation which was comparable to MTA.
The aim of this study is to evaluate
the effect of application of bromelain enzyme on the microleakage of composite resin restorations after external tooth bleaching using spectrophotometric evaluation.

Buccal Class V cavities were prepared on the surface of fifty intact premolars, which were randomly divided into five groups. All cavities were filled with composite resin. Group I Teeth were not bleached but restored (
= 10). External bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide was carried out for the rest of the specimensGroup II Cavities were restored immediately after bleaching (
= 10)Group III Cavities were restored after a delay of 3 weeks (
= 10)Group IV Cavities were treated with sodium ascorbate after bleaching and then restored (
= 10)Group V Cavities were treated with bromelain enzyme solution after bleaching and then restored (
= 10). Microleakage was assessed by the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer.

The data were analyzed statistically by comparison of mean microleakage and post hoc test using SPSS 2.0 software.

Group I displayed the least amount of microleakage, whereas Group II showed the greatest amount of microleakage (
< 0.05). Groups III, IV, and V showed a significantly lower amount of microleakage compared to Group II (
< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups IV and V.

Microleakage increased significantly after external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and decreased when the bleached teeth were treated with antioxidants. Ten percent bromelain enzyme was effective in decreasing microleakage; however, its efficacy was similar to 10% sodium ascorbate.
Microleakage increased significantly after external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, and decreased when the bleached teeth were treated with antioxidants. Ten percent bromelain enzyme was effective in decreasing microleakage; however, its efficacy was similar to 10% sodium ascorbate.
The aim of this study is to clinically isolate and detect three anaerobic bacteria associated with endodontic-periodontal lesions in type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Sixty patients presenting endodontic-periodontal lesions were divided into two groups. Thirty patients with type-2 diabetics (Group 1) and 30 nondiabetic patients (Group 2) were evaluated for the presence of three anaerobic bacteria. Clinical examinations, periapical radiographs, and microbiological sampling from the canal system and periodontal pockets were performed. Qualitative evaluation of bacteria was performed using a multiplex PCR for
and
. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test and Fischer's exact test.

(73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolated from the root canal in type 2 diabetic patients, followed by
(70%) and
(36%) compared to 53.3%, 43.3%, and 23.3%, respectively, among nondiabetic patients.
(73.3%) was the predominant bacteria isolabic bacteria in immune-compromised patients.
The aim of this study is to compare three different methods of measuring root canal curvature and its correlation with canal access angle (CAA) in curved mesiobuccal canals of permanent mandibular first molars.

Sixty human mandibular first molars were used in this study. Standardized access cavities were prepared. After endodontic access, a size 10 K-file was placed in the mesiobuccal canal extending to the apical foramen, and radiographs were taken. Radiographs of each root canal were taken in buccolingual direction with the long axis of the root perpendicular to the central X-ray beam. After that, the radiographs were scanned with a computer Scanner. The angles were measured using the Schneider method, Weine's method, Lutein's method, and correlated with the CAA method. The angular and linear values used in this study were plotted, and the pertinent measurements were made using the program AutoCAD R12.

The resultant values were evaluated statistically using ANOVA test and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses (
= 0.001).

Lutein's method is as effective as the Schneider's method, Wein's method and CAA. method in evaluating root canal curvature.

Scheider/Wein/Luiten method, together with CAA method, may be considered as a reliable guideline for preoperative assessment of canal curvature.
Scheider/Wein/Luiten method, together with CAA method, may be considered as a reliable guideline for preoperative assessment of canal curvature.
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth using four intraorifice barriers.

Fifty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected, decoronated, and prepared with rotary Protaper universal system and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Samples were divided into five groups (
= 10) on the basis of intraorifice barrier material used. Group 1 Biodentine, Group 2 Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), Group 3 Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), Group 4 Nanohybrid composite, Group 5 No barrier (control).Except for control specimens, coronal 3-mm gutta-percha was removed and filled with different intraorifice barrier materials in respective groups. Nexturastat A cell line Fracture resistance of specimens was tested using universal testing machine.

One-way analysis of variance test and
Tukey's test.

Mean fracture resistance of all experimental groups (with intraorifice barriers placed) were higher than control group (no intraorifice barrier placed). Biodentine showed the highest mean fracture resistance while RMGIC showed the least and the difference between their mean fracture resistance was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference among other experimental groups.

Placement of intraorifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth can significantly increase fracture resistance and this increase in fracture resistance is material dependent.
Placement of intraorifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth can significantly increase fracture resistance and this increase in fracture resistance is material dependent.
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