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g., intracranial infection). If NSA is suspected in patients without facial trauma, the possibility of a dental origin, especially from the maxillary incisor area, should be considered.Various techniques have been used to reconstruct the temporomandibular joints, including autogenous transplants and alloplastic implants. Among autogenous grafts, costochondral grafts have mainly been used. A costochondral graft has many advantages over other autogenous grafts and alloplastic implants. Harvest is easy and has minimal impact on patients. The graft can bear functional load well and biocompatibility is excellent. A costochondral graft obviates foreign body reactions and further surgery for revision of alloplastic replacements if the graft takes well. Although long-term prognosis remains unclear, it appears that for autogenous condylar reconstruction, costochondral grafts can be used with few complications and acceptable results. This article describes cases and discusses surgical techniques and considerations related to costochondral grafts.Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is very rare type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that occurs within the jaw and arises from remnants of odontogenic epithelium with no connection to the oral mucosa. This study reports two cases of PIOSCC of the mandible. Reported in this article are two cases of PIOSCC of the mandible that were treated with resection and reconstruction using a fibular free flap. The first case was a 36-year-old male patient who complained of right mandibular pain. Computed tomography (CT) and panoramic radiograph revealed a large radiolucency in the mandibular ramus area. At first, an odontogenic keratocyst was tentatively diagnosed, and an excision procedure was carried out at another clinic. A final biopsy after cyst enucleation revealed well-differentiated SCC, so we proceeded with segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction using a fibular free flap. The second case was a 48-year-old male patient with left mandibular pain. CT and panoramic radiograph revealed irregular radiolucency in the mandibular angle area near tooth #38. At first, osteomyelitis was tentatively diagnosed, and a curettage was carried out. A later biopsy revealed well-differentiated SCC, so segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibular free flap were secondarily performed. Our two cases have had no recurrence. The facial appearance of both patients is satisfactory, and the neo-mandibular body created using a fibular bone transfer displays adequate bony volume.
Myxomatous odontogenic tumors (MOTs) are the third most common odontogenic tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. Due to its slow-growing, but locally invasive nature, the tumor is usually detected by accident or only when it becomes a large mass, which causes facial deformity.

Current study reports three unusual cases of MOT including huge myxoma involve the mandible in middle-aged man, MOT with ossifying fibroma pattern in mandible, and MOT in maxilla of young female patient. The diagnosis and treatment strategy of MOTs was also summarized and updated.

In reported three cases of patients with large MOTs, surgical treatment was indicated with fibular free flap reconstruction in the mandible and plate reconstruction in the maxilla. The tumors were successfully treated with radical resection and did not show signs of recurrence during the follow-up period.

Surgical treatment indication depends on size, the position of the lesion, patient systemic condition and surgeon individual experience. In the case of a large tumor, radical resection and reconstruction is the standard surgical strategy. The conservative surgical treatment including enucleation with wide curettage is still under controversy. The recurrence rate for MOTs is significantly high, up to 30%, therefore long-term follow-up is essential.
Surgical treatment indication depends on size, the position of the lesion, patient systemic condition and surgeon individual experience. In the case of a large tumor, radical resection and reconstruction is the standard surgical strategy. The conservative surgical treatment including enucleation with wide curettage is still under controversy. The recurrence rate for MOTs is significantly high, up to 30%, therefore long-term follow-up is essential.
It is unclear whether the extent of intraoral mucosa defects in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw indicates disease severity. Therefore, this study investigated whether mucosal lesions correlate with the true extent of osseous defects in stage I patients.

Retrospectively, all patients with stage I medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw who underwent surgical treatment between April 2018 and April 2019 were enrolled. Preoperatively, the extent of their mucosal lesions was measured in clinical evaluations, and patients were assigned to either the visible or the probeable bone group. Intraoperatively, the extent of necrosis was measured manually and with fluorescence.

Fifty-five patients (36 female, 19 male) with 86 lesions (46 visible bone, 40 probeable bone) were enrolled. Intraoperatively, the necrotic le-sions were significantly larger (
<0.001) than the preoperative mucosal lesions in both groups. A significant (
<0.05) but very weak (

<0.2) relation-ship was noted between the extent of the mucosal lesions and the necrotic bone area.

Preoperative mucosal defects (visible or probeable) in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw do not indicate the extent of bone necrosis or disease severity.
Preoperative mucosal defects (visible or probeable) in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw do not indicate the extent of bone necrosis or disease severity.
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase (hyaluronidase) increases the local intercellular permeability of the peripheral lymphatic channel and capillaries, which may help reduce edema. In the present study, the effects of hyaluronidase on postoperative edema and pain reduction were evaluated.

The study included 38 patients who underwent guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery before implantation. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=20) or the test group (n=18). Hyaluronidase was injected into the GBR site of subjects in the test group. Postoperative edema was evaluated by measuring the distance between specific facial landmarks immediately after surgery (T1) and 2-4 days after surgery (T2). selleck The degree of pain at T2 and at 10-14 days after surgery (T3) was assessed.

In the test group, the degree of swelling was lower than in the control group, however, only two measurements, from the tragus to the mouth corner and from the outer canthus to the mouth corner, showed statistically significant differences (
=0.
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