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Background and study aims  Previous studies have suggested a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries (MI) in endoscopists. Little evidence has come from European countries. Our main aim was to evaluate the prevalence, type, and impact of MI among Portuguese endoscopists. We also sought to identify risk factors for the development, severity and number of endoscopy-related MI. Material and methods  A 48-question electronic survey was developed by a multidisciplinary group. The electronic survey was sent to all members of Portuguese Society of Gastroenterology (n = 705) during May 2019. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at SPG - CEREGA. Results  The survey was completed by 171 endoscopists (response rate of 24.3 %), 55.0 % female with a median age of 36 years (range 26-78). The prevalence of at least one MI related to endoscopy was 69.6 % (n = 119), the most frequent being neck pain (30.4 %) and thumb pain (29.2 %). The median time for MI development was 6 years (range 2 months-30 years). Severe pain was reported by 19.3 %. Change in endoscopic technique was undertaken by 61.3 % and reduction in endoscopic caseload was undertaken by 22.7 %. Missing work was reported by 10.1 %, with the median time off from work being 30 days (range 1-90). Female gender and ≥ 15 years in practice were independently associated with MI and severe pain. Years in practice, weekly-time performing endoscopy, and gender were significant predictors of the number of MI. Conclusions  Prevalence of MI was significant among Portuguese endoscopists and had a relevant impact on regular and professional activities.Laboratory models that help us understand the neural mechanisms associated with how stress, particularly interpersonal stress, affects children's and adolescents' emotions are paramount but are limited if that understanding lacks validity in adolescents' daily lives. There is a lack of research that addresses the ecological validity of visual stimuli to induce stress in participants while measuring participants' neural response to that stimuli. This approach is needed if we are to identify the neural mechanisms that underlie the effect of stressful events on individuals' emotional functioning. The current study conducted a systematic literature review to identify visual tasks that have been used in laboratory settings to induce stress in participants. The most frequent tasks identified were developed to induce peer rejection/exclusion in youth (e.g., Chatroom and Cyberball). These tasks were generally effective at bringing about a neural response in areas of the brain traditionally associated with social cognitive processing, such as the cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, insula, and striatum. In particular, the cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex are associated with the Social Information Processing Network. Almost entirely absent from the literature are systematic evaluations of ecological validity and parent-child based visual stimuli that approximate the stress that adolescents might experience in their relationships with parents. The present article highlights trends and gaps in the current research, and examines the ecological validity of current stimuli used as laboratory based stressors, which can be used to fuel further investigation into adolescent neural response to stimuli, and further evaluation of the ecological validity of tasks.Introduction. The cancellation of elective procedures has been shown to waste resources and to have the potential to increase morbidity and mortality among patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the cancellation of elective surgical procedures and to identify the factors associated with these cancellations at Mulago Hospital, a large public hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 10, 2018, to February 20, 2018. We recruited patients of all ages who were admitted to surgical wards and scheduled for elective surgery. Data on patients' demographic characteristics and diagnosis, as well as the specialty of the surgery, the planned procedure, the specific operating theatre, cancellation, and the reasons for cancellation were extracted and analyzed using logistic regression. Results Of a total of 400 cases, 115 procedures were canceled-a cancellation prevalence of 28.8%. Orthopedic surgery had the highest cancellation rate, at 40.9% (n = 47). Facility-related factors were responsible for 67.8% of all cancellations. The most common reason for cancellation was insufficient time in the theatre to complete the procedure on the scheduled day. Bromoenol lactone phosphatase inhibitor No procedures were canceled because of a lack of intensive care unit beds. There was a significant association between surgical specialty and cancellation (P less then 0.05) at multivariate analysis. Conclusion The prevalence of cancellation of elective surgical procedures at Mulago Hospital was 28.8%, with orthopedic surgery having the highest cancellation rate. Two-thirds of the factors causing cancellations were facility-related, and more than 50% of all cancellations were potentially preventable. Quality-improvement strategies are necessary in the specialties that are susceptible to procedure cancellation because of facility factors. Copyright © 2020 Alfred Ogwal et al.Background Anemia is a known adverse prognostic factor among patients with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether the hemoglobin level was associated with the rhythm outcome after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (AFCA). Methods We included 2627 patients who underwent AFCA and a guidelines-based rhythm follow-up (age 58 ± 10.9 years, 73% men, 30.6% with persistent AF), and evaluated the association of pre-AFCA anemia (haemoglobin less then 13 g/dL in men and less then 12 g/dL in women) and rhythm outcomes. We studied the mechanistic relationship between anemia and AF recurrence using a Mendelian randomization analysis (1775 subjects with genome-wide association study) after reviewing already proven 12 hemoglobin-associated genetic polymorphisms. Results The body mass index, paroxysmal AF, warfarin use, and baseline red cell distribution width were independently associated with anemia in patients with AF. During a 23-month follow-up (interval OR 9-48 months), the clinical AF recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with than without anemia (log-rank p = 0.
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