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Throughout Situ Functionalization regarding Cellulose along with Zinc Pyrithione with regard to Anti-microbial Software.
Structural color filters (i.e. Degrasyn plasmonics and nano-cavities) provide vivid and robust color filtering in applications such as CMOS image sensors but lack simplicity in fabrication and dynamic tuning. Here we report a dynamically tunable, transmissive color filter by incorporating an ultra-thin phase change layer inside a thin-film optical resonator. The transmitted color spectrum can be designed over the entire visible range and shifted by around 50 nm after phase transition. Angle dependence shows little color variation within a ±30° viewing angle. Crucially, only film deposition is required to fabricate our phase change color filter, showing great potential for large-scale and inexpensive production. The dynamically tunable color filter, described in this paper, could be a promising component in display, CMOS sensor, and solar cell technology.We introduce the concept of third-order Riemann pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. These pulses are generated when properly tailored input pulses propagate through optical fibers in the presence of higher-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. The local propagation speed of these optical wave packets is governed by their local amplitude, according to a rule that remains unchanged during propagation. Analytical and numerical results exhibit a good agreement, showing controllable pulse steepening and subsequent shock wave formation. Specifically, we found that the pulse steepening dynamic is predominantly determined by the action of higher-order dispersion, while the contribution of group velocity dispersion is merely associated with a shift of the shock formation time relative to the comoving frame of the pulse evolution. Unlike standard Riemann waves, which exclusively exist within the strong self-defocusing regime of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, such third-order Riemann pulses can be generated under both anomalous and normal dispersion conditions. In addition, we show that the third-order Riemann pulse dynamics can be judiciously controlled by a phase chirping parameter directly included in the initial chirp profile of the pulse.Despite the fact that optical profilers, such as coherence scanning interferometers, are frequently used for fast and contactless topography measurements in various fields of application, measured profiles still suffer from the wave characteristics of light, which leads to systematic deviations that are still not sufficiently investigated. In order to analyze these systematic deviations and their physical relations, we apply a rigorous simulation model considering both the transfer characteristics of the measurement instrument as well as the geometry and material of different measurement objects. Simulation results are compared to measurement results for different polarizations, wavelengths and interferometer types, considering surface structures including edges, slopes and different materials as the main reasons for those deviations. Compared to former publications, a full three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the image formation with regard to two-dimensional (2D) surface structures is provided. The advantages of 3D modeling in contrast to a time efficient 2D approach are discussed. Further, an extract of an atomic force microscope (AFM) measurement result is used as the basis for the FEM simulation in one example in order to achieve most realistic simulation results.Monte-Carlo simulations of optical speckle noise are performed to predict the range of gain fluctuations for photonic devices which multiplex many single-moded inputs into single multimode waveguides. Here, two waveguides are simulated which bound the cases of interest a few mode fiber and a standard multimode fiber. When fully-excited and after spatial-filtering by a 10µm photodiode, the former's gain variations can range up to the mean value of the gain itself, ΔG ≈ 〈G〉, whereas for the latter, ΔG ≈ 3.4〈G〉. In certain cases, ΔG can be reduced by offsetting the photodiode relative to the waveguide, results which cannot be predicted using standard analytical speckle noise theories.To improve the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) SERS chip based on an inverted pyramid micro-reflector (IPMR) that converges Raman scattering light signals to improve the signal collection efficiency. The influence of the geometric parameters of the inverted pyramid structure on the Raman signal collection efficiency was analyzed by simulation for the determination of the optimal design parameters. The inverted pyramid through-hole structure was prepared on the silicon wafer through an anisotropic wet etching process, followed by the sputtering of a gold film to form the IPMR. The 3D SERS chip was constructed by bonding the IPMR and the active substrate that assembled with silver nanoparticles. Using Rhodamine 6G molecules, the Raman intensity measured with the 3D SERS chip was threefold greater than that of the silicon-based SERS substrate under the same test conditions. These experimental results show that the 3D SERS chip can significantly improve the SERS signal intensity. Its 3D structure is convenient for integration with microfluidic devices and has great potential in biochemical detection applications.We report a highly efficient polariton organic light-emitting diode (POLED) based on an intracavity pumping architecture, where an absorbing J-aggregate dye film is used to generate polariton modes and a red fluorescent OLED is used for radiative pumping of emission from the lower polariton (LP) branch. To realize the device with large-area uniformity and adjustable coupling strength, we develop a spin-coating method to achieve high-quality J-aggregate thin films with controlled thickness and absorption. From systematic studies of the devices with different J-aggregate film thicknesses and OLED injection layers, we show that the J-aggregate film and the pump OLED play separate roles in determining the coupling strength and electroluminescence efficiency, and can be simultaneously optimized under a cavity design with a good LP-OLED emission overlap for effective radiative pumping. By increasing the absorption with thick J-aggregate film and improving the electron injection of pump OLED with Li2CO3 interlayer, we demonstrate the POLED with a large Rabi splitting energy of 192 meV and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.
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