Notes

Effectiveness of the China variation decryption tendency modification training in a good unselected taste: The randomized test.
8% vs. 42.8%; odds ratio [OR] 5.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.83 to 9.73), a finding that was not evident in patients with SVD (35.6% vs. 30.6%; OR 2.14; 95%CI 0.87 to 5.26; p=0.134). Logistic analysis showed that RI was independently associated with ESUS in model 1 (OR 2.329; 95%CI 1.686 to 3.217; p<0.001) and model 2 (OR 2.295; 95%CI 1.661 to 3.172; p<0.001). RI alone with an optimal cutoff of 1.162, corresponding to an area under the curve of 0.740, had good diagnostic efficiency for ESUS.

The present study supports an etiologic role of high-risk nonstenotic intracranial plaque in ESUS.
The present study supports an etiologic role of high-risk nonstenotic intracranial plaque in ESUS.
Although observational studies have shown percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to be a safe means of reducing the frequency and duration of migraine, randomized clinical trials have not met their primary efficacy endpoints.

The authors report the results of a pooled analysis of individual participant data from the 2 randomized trials using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous device closure as a therapy for episodic migraine with or without aura.

The authors analyzed individual patient-level data from 2 randomized migraine trials (the PRIMA [Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Migraine With Aura] and PREMIUM [Prospective Randomized Investigation to Evaluate Incidence of Headache Reduction in Subjects with Migraine and PFO Using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder Compared to Medical Management] studies). Efficacy endpoints were mean reduction in monthly migraine days, responder rate (defined as≥50% reduction in monthly migraine attacks), mean reductiomplete migraine cessation.
This pooled analysis of patient-level data demonstrates that PFO closure was safe and significantly reduced the mean number of monthly migraine days and monthly migraine attacks, and resulted in a greater number of subjects who experienced complete migraine cessation.
The present study investigated the extent to which individual and school characteristics may differentially affect parental consent and child assent in the enrollment of a school-based substance use prevention study in Taiwan.

This study linked field notes on response and consent status during enrollment of the school-based prevention study with administrative survey data reported by the targeted students when they were in fourth grade (age 10-11) (N = 2,560; 53% male, 97.8% matched). The outcome variables, defined by the combined status of parental consent/child assent, were nonresponse and negative, discordant, and positive consent. Individual characteristics included family (parental education, employment) and child (psychological/behavioral, substance use) factors. VEGFR inhibitor Aggregate school-level substance use and percentage of aboriginal students and nonnative parents served as school-level factors. Multilevel multinomial regression analyses were performed.

Successful consent was obtained from only 820 studplex pathways underlying ascertainment and a need to modify the consent practices in school-based prevention studies involving minors, especially in schools with higher ethnic minority composition.
"Reactive" inhibitory control is associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. However, the majority of research ignores the downstream influence of proactive control--the preparation to withhold responses when examining alcohol use behaviors. The potential mechanisms behind these relationships are also poorly understood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of proactive and reactive control in heavy drinkers, in the presence of alcohol-related cues, and to examine the potential mediating effects of working memory capacity and alcohol sensitivity.

Heavy drinkers (Study 1 n = 108; Study 2 n = 116) completed online self-reported measures of alcohol use followed by a modified stop-signal task in the presence of alcohol-related cues (Study 1 images; Study 2 words) and a self-ordered pointing task using neutral-related images (Study 1) and alcohol-related images (Study 2).

In Study 1, craving and working memory capacity predicted alcohol use. In Study 2, working memory capacity was a negative predictor of alcohol use alongside stop-signal reaction times; however, the overall regression model was not significant. When conducting pooled analyses across both studies to increase power, only a robust association between craving and alcohol use was observed.

These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.
These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.
Alcohol use is understudied among transgender persons--persons whose sex differs from their gender identity. We compare patterns of alcohol use between Veterans Health Administration (VA) transgender and nontransgender outpatients.

National VA electronic health record data were used to identify all patients' last documented Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screen (October 1, 2009-July 31, 2017). Transgender patients were identified using diagnostic codes. Logistic regression models estimated four past-year primary outcomes (a) alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 0); (b) unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 5); (c) high-risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C ≥ 8); and (d) heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥6 drinks on ≥1 occasion). Two secondary diagnostic-based outcomes, alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-specific conditions, were also examined.

Among 8,872,793 patients, 8,619 (0.10%) were transgender. For transgender patients, unadjusted prevalence estimates were as follows 52.8% for any alcohol use patterns to nontransgender persons. Findings suggest nuanced associations with patterns of alcohol use and provide a base for further disparities research to explore alcohol use within the diverse transgender community. Research with self-reported measures of gender identity and sex-at-birth and structured assessment of alcohol use and disorders is needed.
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