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Time in therapeutic range (TTR) assesses the safety and effectiveness of warfarin therapy using the international normalised ratio. This study investigated the TTR in Hong Kong patients using both European and Japanese therapeutic ranges and patients' economic and clinical outcomes. Predictors of poor warfarin control and patient knowledge concerning warfarin therapy were assessed.

A 5-month observational study with retrospective and prospective components was conducted in the Prince of Wales Hospital. The study examined electronic patient records of patients who received warfarin for at least 1 year during the period from January 2010 to August 2015. Patient knowledge was assessed via phone interview using the Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test.

In total, 259 patients were included; 174 completed the OAK test. The calculated mean TTR was 40.2±17.1% (European therapeutic range), compared with 49.1±16.1% (Japanese therapeutic range) [P<0.001]. Mean TTR was higher in patients with atrial fibrillation than in patients with prosthetic heart valve (P<0.001). The abilities of TTR to predict clinical and economic outcomes were comparable between European and Japanese therapeutic ranges. Patients with ideal TTR had fewer clinical complications and lower healthcare costs. Patients with younger age exhibited worse TTR, as did those with concurrent use of furosemide, famotidine, or simvastatin. Mean OAK test score was 54.1%. Only 24 (13.8%) patients achieved a satisfactory overall score of ≥75% in the test.

Warfarin use in Hong Kong patients was poorly controlled, regardless of indication. Patient knowledge concerning warfarin use was suboptimal; thus, additional patient education is warranted regarding warfarin.
Warfarin use in Hong Kong patients was poorly controlled, regardless of indication. Patient knowledge concerning warfarin use was suboptimal; thus, additional patient education is warranted regarding warfarin.Epidiolex® (cannabidiol, aka CBD) is a recently approved FDA prescription drug for the treatment of epilepsy associated with Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes, and is increasingly used for treatment-resistant epilepsy. Rash was rarely reported in Epidiolex® clinical trial data. We report a case of Epidiolex®-related skin rash that developed in a delayed fashion in a 23-year-old female with medically refractory epilepsy. We also review the potential mechanism of Epidiolex®-related skin rash.The rapidly spreading outbreak of COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. As of June 17, 2020, this virus has infected over 8.2 million people but ranges in symptom severity, making it difficult to assess its overall infection rate. There is a need for rapid and accurate diagnostics to better monitor and prevent the spread of COVID-19. In this review, we present and evaluate two main types of diagnostics with FDA-EUA status for COVID-19 nucleic acid testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM patient antibodies, along with the necessary sample preparation for accurate diagnoses. In particular, we cover and compare tests such as the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel, Cellex's qSARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test, and point-of-care tests such as Abbott's ID NOW COVID-19 Test. Antibody testing is especially important in understanding the prevalence of the virus in the community and to identify those who have gained immunity. We conclude by highlighting the future of COVID-19 diagnostics, which include the need for quantitative testing and the development of emerging biosensors as point-of-care tests.COVID-19 is the shocking viral pandemics of this year which affected the health, economy, communications, and all aspects of social activities all over the world. Early diagnosis of this viral disease is very important since it can prevent lots of mortalities and care consumption. The functional similarities between COVID-19 and COVID-2 in inducing acute respiratory syndrome lightened our mind to find a diagnostic mechanism based on early traces of mitochondrial ROS overproduction as lung cells' dysfunctions induced by the virus. selleck products We designed a simple electrochemical sensor to selectively detect the intensity of ROS in the sputum sample (with a volume of less than 500 μl). Comparing the results of the sensor with clinical diagnostics of more than 140 normal and involved cases resulted in a response calibration with accuracy and sensitivity both 97%. Testing the sensor in more than 4 hospitals shed promising lights in ROS based real-time tracing of COVID-19 from the sputum sample.The detection principle of nanopore sensors relies on measuring changes in electrical signal as analyte molecules translocate through a nanoscale pore. There are two challenges with this experimental construct when using nanopores for quantitative sensing with low detection limits in complex samples. The first is getting the analyte to the nanopore in a reasonable time frame and the second is other species in the sample also translocating through the nanopore and generating erroneous signals. We have developed a nanopore blockade sensor that alleviates the limitations of diffusion-limited mass transport and non-specific signals. Antibody-modified magnetic nanoparticles are utilized to deliver analytes of interest extracted from sample to an array of antibody-modified nanopores under a controlled electromagnet, resulting in long-term nanopore blocking events due to the formation of sandwiched immunocomplexes. Herein, this study reports on understanding some of important parameters in determining the performance of nanopore blockade sensing system, where prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used as a model analyte. We describe the characterization of nanopore blockade sensing of PSA by (1) tuning on/off the electromagnet, (2) varying nanopore number in a nanopore chip, and (3) deploying the sensor in human plasma. Results show that magnetophoresis effectively facilitates active delivery and selective sensing of PSA to the nanopore. Nanopore chips with a larger number of nanopores are shown to receive more nanopore blockades for a given concentration of analyte. Furthermore, identifiable blockade events accounted for successful detection of PSA in plasma, indicate the high specificity of the sensing system.
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