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Cytokine Reply to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in youngsters.
Genera reported from Australia and New Zealand as adults, but unknown as larvae, are listed.Within the Asiatic tiger beetle fauna, Parmecus Motschulsky, 1864 stat. read more rest., stat. nov., is reestablished as a subgenus of Cylindera Westwood, 1831 with Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides (Chaudoir, 1852), as its type species, and the lectotype and paralectotypes of Cicindela dromicoides Chaudoir, 1852 are designated as well. Two other species are included, Cylindera (Parmecus) armandi (Fairmaire, 1886), from the Himalayan Region, and Cylindera (Parmecus) mosuoa, sp. nov., from Yunnan, China. Cylindera (Parmecus) as a subgenus is characterized, a key to identify its species is provided, and its species composition is discussed. Cylindera (Parmecus) dromicoides (Chaudoir, 1852) is newly recorded from Pakistan and the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, while Cylindera (Parmecus) armandi (Fairmaire, 1886) is recorded for the first time from the Chinese province of Sichuan. The records of C. armandi from Bhutan, as well as C. dromicoides from Yunnan Province (China) are rejected due to erroneous identifications.The genus Conchoecetes Stimpson, 1858, has long been considered to include three species C. artificiosus (Fabricius, 1798), C. andamanicus Alcock, 1900, and C. intermedius Lewinsohn, 1984. The type species, C. artificiosus, has been assumed to be widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific and a fourth species, C. conchifera (Haswell, 1882), from Australia, has been regarded as a synonym. The enigmatic and long overlooked "Caphyra pectenicola Adams, in Belcher, 1848" is shown to be a species of Conchoecetes occurring in Java, Singapore and the Gulf of Thailand. We review the status of these species, establish C. conchifera as a valid species, and describe five new species C. atlas n. sp., C avikele n. sp., C. chanty n. sp., C. investigator n. sp. and C. pembawa n. sp. In this revision we recognize 10 valid species in Conchoecetes. They are distributed from Southern Africa, across the Indian Ocean to Australia and northwards to China. Formerly considered to be cosmopolitan, C. artificiosus is restricted to India, Sri Lanka Pakistan, as well as the Persian Gulf and Madagascar, while C. intermedius, first discovered near Madagascar, is shown to be the most widespread species occurring from Africa to China.Four new species of Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 are described M. urcuchillay sp. nov. (based on males from Cusco, Peru), M. girafales sp. nov. (on a female from Huánuco, Peru), M. coutoi sp. nov. (on a female from Cusco, Peru) and M. quasimodo sp. nov. (on males and females from Pará, Brazil). The male form of M. machetero Candiani Bonaldo, 2017 is described for the first time. The number of known species of the genus from Peru is increased from nine to 12 and maps of distribution of the Peruvian species and M. quasimodo sp. nov are provided.Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Arcofacies Muir, A. longispinus sp. nov. and A. varius sp. nov., are described and illustrated from southwest China (Yunnan). A checklist to the species of Arcofacies is provided as well as a key for the Chinese species.Two new genera of the tribe Sarimini are described from south of China. They are Sarimissus gen. nov. with a new species S. maculifrons sp. nov. from Hainan province and Duplexissus gen. nov. with a new species D. punctatulus sp. nov. from Yunnan province. The photos of habitus and the male genitalia of the new species are provided. The biology, distribution and origin of the tribe Sarimini are discussed.Two new species, Anomala qiului Huang Wang, new species and Anomala xuhaoi Huang Wang, new species, are described and illustrated from Yunnan, China. Anomala trochanterica Arrow, 1917 is recorded from China for the first time, with the report of its intraspecific variation also discussed. Color plates (habitus and genitalia) of A. flavipunctuata Lin, 1999, A. flavoguttata Miyake, 2000, A. fuscicauda Lin, 1999 and A. trochanterica are provided for the first time.Nannotrigona Cockerell is one of the few stingless bee genera widely distributed and commonly encountered throughout the Neotropical region. Some species are abundant and managed in meliponiculture. However, the identity and number of species occurring in some countries or areas is almost entirely unknown. Herein we reviewed the species of Nannotrigona in Colombia, a South American country with literature records indicating the presence of either one or five species of this genus. Appraisal of museum specimens revealed the existence of the following eight species, three of which we describe as new N. camargoi Rasmussen Gonzalez, N. gaboi n. sp., N. melanocera (Schwarz), N. mellaria (Smith), N. occidentalis n. sp., N. pilosa n. sp., N. schultzei (Friese), and N. tristella (Cockerell).We describe and figure the male of N. camargoi, N. gaboi, N. melanocera, and N. pilosa. In addition, we provide comparative diagnoses, a key to species, and new geographical records.An account is given on the three species of the muscid genus Hebecnema Schnabl occurring in the Macaronesian islands. These are Hebecnema anthracina Stein from Madeira, H. anthracinella sp. nov. from the western Canary Islands, and H. fumosa (Meigen) found in the Canary Islands, Madeira and Azores. Existing Macaronesian records of H. umbratica (Meigen) from the Azores and H. vespertina (Fallén) from the Canary Islands are based on misidentifications. Diagnoses of the European species with photos of the male terminalia and a key to species are given. It is pointed out that the two species of Muscidae recently described as new from Sweden, Mydaea forsslundi Zielke, 2017 and Hebecnema brodina Zielke, 2018, represent exotic species, probably of Oriental provenance. Finally, morphological differences in the female ovipositor divide the seven European species of Hebecnema in two species groups.The Littoral Region of Cameroon is one of the most highly disturbed regions in Cameroon that remain poorly studied and where no investigation regarding the grasshopper fauna has been conducted. Hence a survey was conducted from August 2015 to November 2018 in 11 localities of this region. In each locality, grasshoppers were sampled in three vegetation types (forests, fallows and cultivated farms) using sweep nets sampling method. We collected in total 51 short-horned grasshopper species belonging to the families Acrididae, Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae, Pyrgomorphidae and Thericleidae. Among these species, 43 belong to Acrididae, 5 to Pyrgomorphidae and only one belongs to the Chorotypidae, Euschmidtiidae and Thericleidae respectively. The Chorotypidae species Hemierianthus mbongueensis Yetchom Xu sp.nov. is also described in this study. Twelve grasshopper species were widely distributed as they occurred in all study sites and 11 were recorded exclusively from one study site. This study showed that there is high species richness of short-horned grasshoppers in the Littoral Region of Cameroon.
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