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Data on the excretion of antibiotic residues following therapeutic drug dosages in lactating goats with clinical signs of bacterial infections are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed at monitoring the drug residue excretion of a subset of frequently used antibiotics in the milk of dairy goats following their therapeutic administration.

Over a period of 4 months, milk samples (udder halves) were collected in 2 goat milk farms from animals treated with antibiotics in routine practice based on the diagnosis of a bacterial infection. The samples were examined up to 3 days following the withdrawal time point. The animals were classified in 3 groups depending on their clinical symptoms and treatment. Goats in group 1 (afebrile goats with various bacterial infections excluding the udder) were treated with intramuscular amoxicillin injection (n = 5). Animals in group 2 (mastitis catarrhalis) were treated with intramammary injection of oxacillin and ampicillin (n = 6). Group 3 consisted of a single goatwing therapeutic administration of antibiotics was detected. Both the receptor test and the BRT represent suitable methods for an efficient antibiotic drug residue testing in goat milk. Reliable testing was merely not attainable in cases of milk samples possessing highly altered organoleptic characteristics.
In the present study, no evidence of prolonged residue excretion into milk of goats following therapeutic administration of antibiotics was detected. Both the receptor test and the BRT represent suitable methods for an efficient antibiotic drug residue testing in goat milk. Reliable testing was merely not attainable in cases of milk samples possessing highly altered organoleptic characteristics.
Overloading or excessive mechanical stress to the claws may damage the sensitive claw tissues and subsequently lead to sole ulcers. Corrective treatment can prevent complications of these sole ulcers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a wedge-shaped relief incision from the bulb to the tip of the outer claw of the pelvic limb on the pressure distribution beneath the pertaining claw. Furthermore, it aimed to clarify whether a change in the pressure distribution would lead to dermal pressure relief in the area of a horn defect.

Nineteen isolated bovine limbs from an abattoir were gradually trimmed resulting in following stages. A initial condition; B functional claw trimming, steps 1-3; C extension of the model and drill of a circular lesion at the Rusterholz site (outer claw ulcer simulation); D wedge shaped, weight-relieving incision from the bulb halfway towards the sole tip; E further extension of the wedge-shaped incision towards the sole tip. The limbs were loaded with 200 kg foleve pressure from the vulnerable Rusterholz site as well as providing means for reducing corium compression.

The described trimming method facilitates pressure relief on the outer claw area in live animals. In this, it may exert a positive effect on disease progression in Rusterholz sole ulcers.
The described trimming method facilitates pressure relief on the outer claw area in live animals. In this, it may exert a positive effect on disease progression in Rusterholz sole ulcers.
The aim of this study was to document the occurrence, history, and clinical findings of tibial neuropathy in German Holstein dairy cows in order to yield information regarding the importance and etiology of this disorder in dairy herds in Central Germany.

This prospective study was undertaken between January 2013 and October 2017 and included 88 German Holstein dairy cows with unilateral (UTN, n = 71) or bilateral (n = 17, BTN) tibial neuropathy. Data were collected from the history as well as the clinical and laboratory examinations. Three grades of paresis were defined.

The percentage of cows with tibial neuropathy among all German Holstein dairy cows presented with disorders of the locomotor system in the study period amounted to 2.2 %. Donafenib in vitro UTN was seen predominantly following dystocia or as a result of prolonged lateral recumbency in consequence to a primary disease. The majority of cases of BTN occurred in association with the resumption of cyclicity following calving. These were accompanied by clinical signs of a cauda equina syndrome. Increased plasma activities of creatine kinase (UTN 98 %; BTN 100 %) and aspartate aminotransferase (UTN 89 %; BTN 100 %) were observed in nearly all affected cows.

Tibial neuropathy is a regularly occurring disorder in dairy herds in Central Germany. The condition results in pain and locomotor impairment and therefore constitutes a welfare concern. UTN and BTN have different causes, and the history combined with clinical signs (severity of paresis) provides etiological information. Increased enzymatic activities suggest a muscular involvement in the disease process.
Tibial neuropathy is a regularly occurring disorder in dairy herds in Central Germany. The condition results in pain and locomotor impairment and therefore constitutes a welfare concern. UTN and BTN have different causes, and the history combined with clinical signs (severity of paresis) provides etiological information. Increased enzymatic activities suggest a muscular involvement in the disease process.Macroprolactinomas are rarely seen in women, and pregnancy is a risk factor for tumor growth. More studies are needed to determine appropriate management for macroprolactinoma and pregnancy. The aim of our study is to evaluate effects of treatment with dopamine agonists on macroadenoma before and during pregnancy, safety of dopamine agonists on fetus, post-pregnancy prognosis and long-term results. This is a single center retrospective study. Thirty-four pregnancies occurred in 21 patients under medical therapy. Prolactin levels, treatment results, tumor diameter changes, maternal-fetal outcomes, and disease activity were evaluated. The median tumor size at the time of diagnosis was 15 mm (10-28). Residual adenoma diameter was smaller in those receiving medical therapy longer than one year till the conception (p=0.047). Treatment was discontinued in 28 pregnancies after pregnancy confirmation, and 6 patients were exposed to bromocriptine throughout pregnancy. There was no symptomatic tumor growth during gestation.
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