Notes

Astronomy: The constellations were created by the ancient Greeks. people: Sumerians and Babylonians. The Greeks are also credited with several other discoveries. Aristarches of Samos, Hipparches, Anaxagoras.

How did religion and government exercise authority over people?
The ancient Greek government lasted over one thousand years and ended in when Chirstianity rose. Greek influence had a powerful affect on the Roman empire.

Greek leaders
Rulers of Macedonia 496–168 B.C.
Alexander I 496–454 B.C.
Perdikkas II 454–413 B.C.
Archelaos I 413–399 B.C.
Aeropos II 398–395 B.C.
Amyntas II 395–394 B.C.
Amyntas III 393–370 B.C.
Perdiccas III 365–359 B.C.
Philip II 360/59–336 B.C.
Alexander III (the Great) (52.127.4) 336–323 B.C.
Philip III Arrhidaios 323–317 B.C.
Alexander IV 323–310 B.C.
Olympias 317–316 B.C.
Cassander 315–297 B.C.
Philip IV 297 B.C.
Antipatros and Alexander V 297–294 B.C.
Demetrios I Poliorketes ("Besieger") 294–288 B.C.
Pyrrhos of Epeiros 288/7–285 B.C.
Lysimachos 288/7–281 B.C.
Seleukus (1974.105.9) 281 B.C.
Ptolemaios Keraunos ("Thunderbolt") 281–279 B.C.
Antigonos II Gonatas ca. 277–239 B.C.
Demetrios II 239–229 B.C.
Antigonos III Doson ca. 229–222 B.C.
Philip V 222–179 B.C.
Perseus 179–168 B.C.

The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (2002.66) 306–30 B.C.
Ptolemy I Soter ("Savior"; governor from 323) 306–282 B.C.
Ptolemy II Philadelphos ("Sister-friend") (12.187.31) 284–246 B.C.
Ptolemy III Euergetes ("Benefactor") (66.99.134) 246–222 B.C.
Ptolemy IV Philopator ("Father-friend") 222–204 B.C.
Ptolemy V Epiphanes ("[God] Manifest") 210–180 B.C.
Cleopatra I 180–177 B.C.
Ptolemy VI Philometor ("Mother-friend") (66.99.166) 180–164, 163–145 B.C.
Cleopatra II 170–115 B.C.
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physkon ("Potbelly") 170–163, 145–116 B.C.
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (with Ptolemy VI and briefly after the latter's death) 145–144 B.C.
Ptolemy IX Soter II Lathyros ("the Bean") 116–107, 88–81 B.C.
Cleopatra III 140–101 B.C.
Ptolemy X Alexander I 107–88 B.C.
Berenike III 100–80 B.C.
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80 B.C.
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Auletes ("the Piper") 80–58, 55–51 B.C.
Cleopatra V 80–69 B.C.
Berenike IV and Cleopatra VI 58–55 B.C.
Ptolemy XIII 51–47 B.C.
Cleopatra VII 51–30 B.C.
Ptolemy XIV 47–44 B.C.
Caesarion (Ptolemy XV) 44–30 B.C.

The Seleucid Dynasty, Rulers in Asia Minor 305–63 B.C.
Seleukos I Nikator ("Victor"; ruler from 312) 305–281 B.C. with Antichos I Soter 294 or 293–281
Antiochos I Soter 281–261 B.C.
Antiochos II Theos ("the God") 261–246 B.C.
Seleukos II Kallinikos ("the Glorious Victor") 246–226/5 B.C.
Seleukos III 226/5–223 B.C.
Antiochos III Megas ("the Great") 223–187 B.C.
Seleukos IV Philopator 187–175 B.C.
Antiochos IV Epiphanes 175–164 B.C.
Antiochos V Eupator ("of the Good Father") 164–162 B.C.
Demetrios I Soter
162–150 B.C.
Alexander Balas (Epiphanes)
150–145 B.C.
Demetrios II Nikator
145–140, 129–126/5 B.C.
Antiochos VI Epiphanes
145–142 B.C.
Diodotos "Triophon," pretender
142–139/8 B.C.
Antiochos VII Sidetes
139/8–129 B.C.
Kleopatra Thea ("Goddess")
126/5–123 B.C.
Antiochos VIII Grypos
126/5–96 B.C.
Seleukos V
126 B.C.
Antiochos IX Philopator "of Kyzikos"
114/3–95 B.C.
Seleukos VI
95 B.C.
Antiochos X Eusebes ("the Pious") Philopator
95 B.C.
Demetrios III Philopator Soter (at Damascus)
95–88 B.C.
Antiochos XI Epiphanes Philadelphos (in Cilicia)
95 B.C.
Philip I (in Cilicia)
95–84/3 B.C.
Antiochos XII Dionysos (at Damascus)
87 B.C.
Philip II
84/3 B.C.
Antiochos XIII Philadelphos
69–63 B.C.
The Attalids, Rulers of Pergamon
283–129 B.C.
Philetairos (not king)
283–263 B.C.
Eumenes I (not formally king)
263–241 B.C.
Attalos I Soter
241–197 B.C.
Eumenes II Soter
197–159/8 B.C.
Attalos II
159/8–139/8 B.C.
Attalos III
139/8–133 B.C.
Aristonikos ("Eumenes III")
133–129 B.C.
Rulers of Pontus
ca. 280–63 B.C.
Mithridates I
ca. 280–ca. 266 B.C.
Ariobarzanes
ca. 266–ca. 255 B.C.
Mithridates II
ca. 255–ca. 220 B.C.
Mithridates III
ca. 220–ca. 185 B.C.
Pharnaces I
ca. 185–ca. 170 B.C.
Mithridates IV Philopator
ca. 170–ca. 150 B.C.
Mithridates V Euergetes
ca. 150–120 B.C.
Mithridates VI Eupator, "the Great"
ca. 120–63 B.C.
Rulers of Baktria
256–55 B.C.
Diodotos I
256–248 B.C.
Diodotos II
248–235 B.C.
Euthydemos I
ca. 235–ca. 200 B.C.
Euthydemos II
ca. 200–ca. 190 B.C.
Demetrios I
ca. 200–ca. 185 B.C.
Antimachos I
ca. 195–ca. 185 B.C.
Pantaleon
ca. 185–ca. 180 B.C.
Demetrios II
ca. 185–ca. 175 B.C.
Agathokles
ca. 180–ca. 165 B.C.
Eukratides I (usurper?)
ca. 171–ca. 155 B.C.
Agathokleia and Menandros
ca. 155–ca. 130 B.C.
Kalliope and Hermaios
ca. 75–ca. 55 B.C.